On February 24, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Limited held the "Blue Book of China Aerospace Science and Technology Activities (2020)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Blue Book") press conference in Beijing to take stock of global aerospace activities in 2020 and announced the aerospace science and technology in 2021. Group aerospace plan.
In 2021, the number of launches of the Aerospace Science and Technology Group in the whole year is expected to exceed 40 for the first time. Among them, the manned space station project, Tianwen-1, and the launch of multiple civil space infrastructure business satellites are eye-catching.
Global spacecraft launches hit a record high in 2020, the number and quality of spacecraft launched by China ranks second in the world
The "Blue Book" provides a comprehensive review of China's aerospace science and technology activities in 2020 from six chapters, including the development trend of the world's aerospace, China's space launch activities, China's spacecraft science and technology activities, China's space application services, China's space international cooperation, and China's commercial space development.
In 2020, the world's major aerospace countries will attach great importance to their aerospace strategic position and advance relevant strategic deployments. According to the "Blue Book" statistics, in 2020, 114 launch missions were carried out globally, tying the record for the number of launches since 1991, and a total of 1,277 spacecraft were launched, a record high.
Among them, China launched 39 space launches and launched 89 spacecraft. The total mass of the launched spacecraft reached a new high, reaching 103.06 tons, an increase of 29.3% over the previous year. China's space launch activities continued to make major breakthroughs, with the number of launches and launch load quality ranking second in the world.
As the leading force in my country’s aerospace science and technology industry, the Long March series of carrier rockets developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation will carry out 34 launch missions in 2020 and launch 82 spacecraft, accounting for 92.1% of China’s total launches and 99.2% of total launch masses. The number of launches ranks first among aerospace companies in the world. These include the successful first flight of the Long March 5B carrier rocket, the completion and opening of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system, the successful launch of the Tianwen-1 Mars probe, and the successful success of the Chang'e-5 mission. The device covers all technical fields such as manned aerospace, space exploration, navigation, communications, remote sensing, space science, and technical testing.
Significant progress has been made in manned spaceflight, Beidou, lunar exploration, and fire detection. Continuous breakthroughs in commercial launch services
The "Blue Book" pointed out that in 2020, my country's major aerospace projects and special projects will steadily advance, and aerospace technology and application capabilities will be greatly improved.
In the past year, the Long March 5B carrier rocket successfully flew for the first time, kicking off the mission of the manned space project space station; the Tianwen-1 Mars probe was successfully launched, marking the first step in China’s planetary exploration; Beidou-3 The completion and opening of the global satellite navigation system has made a major contribution to the construction of global public service infrastructure; the major special project of the high-resolution earth observation system has been successfully concluded, providing an important guarantee for China's long-term stable access to high-resolution global remote sensing information; Chang'e-5 The mission was a complete success, realizing China's first extraterrestrial celestial body sampling return; the successful maiden flight of Long March 8 further improved the type spectrum of China's launch vehicle.
While major national aerospace engineering missions are being carried out vigorously, the Aerospace Science and Technology Group has worked hard to overcome the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, actively promoted international cooperation in aerospace, and implemented various types of cooperation projects such as satellite export, cooperative research and development, satellite launch, and application services. , Which strongly promoted world aerospace science and technology exchanges and industrial development. Among them, the Long March series of carrier rockets twice launched a total of 12 commercial remote sensing satellites for the Argentine Satellite Logic Corporation. China Great Wall Industry Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, and Hong Kong Asia Pacific Communications Satellite Co., Ltd. signed an Asia Pacific 6E satellite delivery contract, an innovative start A new model of cooperation, the project of donating to Ethiopia remote sensing microsatellites was successfully completed, and the project of aid to Egypt 2 satellites has entered the stage of development and production in an all-round way.
In addition, the development of commercial satellite manufacturing is strong, and the number of satellite manufacturing entities is growing rapidly, showing a trend of echelonization and diversification. High performance, miniaturization, low cost, intelligence, standardization, and scale are the highlights of China's commercial satellite manufacturing in 2020.
In addition, continuous breakthroughs have been made in the field of commercial launch services, focusing on the development of small launch vehicles for low-cost, fast and flexible space entry market needs. Traditional aerospace companies continue to release technical resources, optimize service models, and carry out commercial launch operations. Under the guidance of macro policies, private aerospace companies have achieved rapid development by integrating resources such as technology and human resources.
In 2021, my country's launch is expected to exceed 40 major missions for the first time
In 2020, the Aerospace Science and Technology Group will achieve a successful conclusion of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan". It has made brilliant achievements that inspire the people and the world's attention, and handed in an answer that satisfies the party and the country and the people. In the past five years, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group has successfully completed manned spaceflight, the third phase of lunar exploration, Beidou navigation, high-resolution earth observation system and other major national scientific and technological tasks, and made major breakthroughs in space access and space utilization capabilities.
Standing at the new starting point of the "14th Five-Year Plan", in 2021, China Aerospace will embark on a new journey one step at a time.
According to the "Blue Book", in 2021, my country's annual launches are expected to exceed 40 for the first time; the manned space station project has entered the key technology verification and construction phase; the Tianwen-1 arrives on Mars, implementing China's first Mars "orbiting, landing, and patrol" Detection; launching of multiple civil space infrastructure business satellites to meet the needs of national economic construction and technological development. These major events will write a new chapter in China's aerospace industry in 2021 and create new brilliance in China's aerospace industry.
It is understood that at present, China’s manned space project has been fully transferred to the mission preparation stage for the construction of the space station. Among them, the Long March 5B Yao-2 rocket launching space station core module mission is planned to be carried out at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in China in the spring of this year. In 2022, my country's manned spaceflight project is expected to implement 11 launch missions including the core module, experimental module, manned spacecraft and cargo spacecraft of the space station.
my country’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, successfully orbited Mars and became my country’s first man-made Mars satellite. It successfully implemented the third near-fire brake on February 24, reaching a near-fire point of 280 kilometers away. Mars mooring orbit with a fire point of 59,000 kilometers and a period of 2 Mars days. The probe will operate in a parking orbit for about three months for scientific exploration, while preparing for a landing on Mars from May to June 2021. Since its successful launch on July 23, 2020, the Tianwen-1 probe has been in orbit for 215 days and is 212 million kilometers away from the earth.
"In the practice of serving the country in aerospace and being a powerful country in science and technology, China Aerospace has made a series of landmark engineering breakthroughs and milestone scientific and technological innovations, which have effectively strengthened China's comprehensive national strength and boosted national self-confidence. There is no end to space exploration. With the implementation of the manned space station project, we will continue to promote the innovation and development of China's aerospace industry step by step, and enable the Chinese to explore space more steadily and further." said Lin Yiming, director of the Aerospace Department of the Aerospace Science and Technology Group.
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Looking back on the past few years, China's space launches have been in a stage of rapid growth. China launched 39 spacecraft in 2018 and 34 in 2019, maintaining the world's second place for two consecutive years. By 2020, due to the impact of the new crown, my country's space launch plan will have to be postponed, but the number of intensive launches in the second half of the year will still reach 39, second in the world. Our goal is to reach 40 this year, but it is very likely to break the limit and surpass the United States.
China Aerospace has formulated more than 40 launches this year. According to the outline of this year’s launch plan, China Aerospace will not only officially start the establishment of a space station, but will also complete the first flight of a number of new launch vehicles involving military, civilian, communications, remote sensing, meteorology, etc. Different types of satellite launch missions are expected to be launched every half a month. In this year, many space launch missions have been heavy. For example, my country will use the Long March 5B carrier rocket for the first time in my country’s space station's first core module-Tianhe core module, which will be successfully completed by my country in the next two years. Lay the foundation for the space station.
According to my country’s manned space station launch plan, the Long March 5 B carrier rocket is mainly used for the launch mission of the Tiangong space station, while the Long March 7 is used to launch the Tianzhou carrier rocket to provide material supplies. In addition, it has been launched on the Jiuquan satellite. The Long March 2 F carrier rocket to be launched at the center will also be launched at an opportunity to send the first three astronauts into the core module of the Tianhe. The three carrier rockets will be launched 11 times during the construction of the space station in the next two years. Complete the entire space station construction, permanent personnel, and material supply tasks. At the same time, the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will keep a Long March 2 F launch vehicle ready for a long period of time in the future.
This year, China Aerospace will complete modified launch missions of three new types of launch vehicles and launch missions of new types of spacecraft involving multiple fields. For example, the newly modified Long March ⅡC carrier rocket will make its first flight. After this modification replaces the more powerful “Expedition 1” superior, the 700-kilometer “sun-synchronous orbit” carrier rocket will increase from the previous 1.2 tons. To about 2 tons, the high-orbit launch capability of the "Long March II C" carrier rocket has been greatly enhanced. In the second year, my country will also complete the first flight of the Long March 6 new solid-liquid hybrid carrier rocket. This is a new carrier derived from the way of bundling solid rocket boosters on the basis of the Long March 6 new carrier rocket. Rockets have greatly increased the largest launch vehicle for low-Earth orbit launch vehicles.
In addition, in order to meet the application needs of our country in the fields of ecological environment, natural resources, radio and television, meteorology, etc., this year our country will also complete a number of civil space basic services including Ocean 2D, Zhongxing 9B, and Fengyun 3 05. The satellite launch mission provides strong support for the construction of the national economy and the development of science and technology. Eventually, this year my country will also use three commercial launch vehicles, Long March 6, Long March 11, and Long March 8, to complete about seven commercial space launch missions, and continue to promote the healthy development of the aerospace commercial market.
The successful development of the establishment of a space station and a large rocket Long March 5 is indeed a breakthrough for my country itself, but from the perspective of world space history, the weight is not heavy enough. After all, the United States once manned the moon, and now Max’s "hunting" The "Eagle" rocket has also successfully sent thousands of Starlink satellites into space. It can be said that the world's aerospace is already on the eve of a major change. In a short period of time, other countries can only catch up with this generational difference technology, and the world is only China and the United States. Only the two countries have the ability to compete fiercely in outer space. According to the current research progress, the Long March 9 is expected to fly for the first time around 2029 and will soon achieve a manned landing on the moon!