Install Git and related environment configuration and common commands under Linux

Preface

Git (pronounced /gɪt/) is an open source distributed version control system that can effectively and quickly handle the version management of projects from very small to very large.
Git is an open source version control software developed by Linus Torvalds to help manage the development of the Linux kernel

Official website   https://git-scm.com/

 

installation steps

1. Install dependent libraries

yum -y install libcurl-devel expat-devel curl-devel  gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel
yum -y install  gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker

2. Download the source code

cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.9.5.tar.gz

3. Unzip

tar -zvxf git-2.9.5.tar.gz

4. Compile

cd git-2.9.5
make prefix=/usr/local/src/git-2.9.5 all
make prefix=/usr/local/src/git-2.9.5 install

5. Set environment variables

vi /etc/profile

  Press i in English input state to enter insert mode, add the following configuration

export PATH=/usr/local/src/git-2.9.5/bin:$PATH

  Press esc to enter  : wq to  save and exit, compile /etc/profile to make the configuration effective

source /etc/profile

6. View the version number

git --version

  If a version number appears, it means success!

7. Configuration

cd /root/.ssh
git config --global user.name "root"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]" 
git config --global core.autocrlf false
git config --global gui.encoding utf-8

8. Generate ssh-key

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"

9. View the secret key

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

 

Common commands

Manual  https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2

         http://gitref.justjavac.com/branching/#branch

 

1. View

git branch               查看本地所有分支
git branch -a            查看所有的分支
git branch -r            查看远程所有分支
git status               查看当前状态 
git config --list        看所有用户
git ls-files             看已经被提交的
git log                  看你commit的日志
git diff                 查看尚未暂存的更新
git diff --cached        查看尚未提交的更新
git remote show origin   显示远程库origin里的资源

2. Submit/Pull/Push

git add -A                     提交所有变化
git add -u                     提交被修改(modified)和被删除(deleted)文件，不包括新文件(new)
git add .                      提交新文件(new)和被修改(modified)文件，不包括被删除(deleted)文件 
git add [file name]            添加一个文件到git index

git commit                     提交
git commit -am "init"          提交并且加注释
git commit -a                  提交当前repos的所有的改变
git commit -v                  当你用－v参数的时候可以看commit的差异
git commit -m "commit a"       添加commit信息
git commit -a -v               一般提交命令
git commit -a -m "log_message" (-a是提交所有改动，-m是加入log信息) 本地修改同步至服务器端 ：

git remote add origin url      添加远程版本库

git push origin master         将文件给推到服务器上  
git push origin master:develop
git push origin master:hb-dev  将本地库与服务器上的库进行关联 
git push (远程仓库名) (分支名)    将本地分支推送到服务器上去。

git pull                       本地与服务器端同步
git fetch                      相当于是从远程获取最新版本到本地，不会自动merge

 3. Branch switching/creating/merging

git checkout --track origin/dev        切换到远程dev分支
git checkout -b dev                    建立一个新的本地分支dev
git checkout dev                       切换到本地dev分支
    
git branch branch_0.1 master           从主分支master创建branch_0.1分支
git branch -m branch_0.1 branch_1.0    将branch_0.1重命名为branch_1.0

git merge origin/dev                   将分支dev与当前分支进行合并

4. Code copy/temporary storage

git clone git://github.com/schacon/grit.git 从服务器上将代码给拉下来
git stash push 将文件给push到一个临时空间中
git stash pop 将文件从临时空间pop下来