hi! Hello everyone! Today, I will explore the story of the blockchain Uniswap system. This article is organized and published by mkz888z. Welcome to communicate at any time!
Satoshi Nakamoto is an idealistic cypherpunk. He saw some shortcomings of centralized systems, so he devoted himself to developing decentralized systems. In a decentralized system, there is no central node with privileges. Each network node has the same information and power, which is called a peer node. A network composed of peer nodes is called a peer-to-peer network, also called a P2P network. The information system running on the peer-to-peer network is called a distributed system, and the blockchain on which the Bitcoin system relies is a distributed database system. And Bitcoin itself, technically speaking, can be regarded as an asset transaction record chain running on this blockchain.
In a centralized banking system, the central node server of the bank enjoys privileges, and only it can keep accounts. Every currency transaction is recorded in the database of the banking system as a record. In the Bitcoin system, there is no accounting center. All computer nodes are equal. They all participate in accounting. Whenever a node has a transaction, it will broadcast the transaction data to the entire network. All nodes will record this transaction. Each node stores all accounting databases, and the database ledgers recorded by all nodes are exactly the same. This brings the following benefits:
(1) You no longer have to worry that your assets will disappear due to damage to the central node, because the ledger data is retained in the computers of the entire blockchain network. Everyone can prove that you own this asset.
(2) Because everyone has the same information, there is no information asymmetry, and there will be no problem that a certain node infringes everyone's rights because of its privileges.
(3) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure that data is not easy to tamper with or forgery; through the distributed storage technology of the ledger to ensure that transactions are open, transparent, and traceable; through smart contract technology to ensure the automated and intelligent execution of transactions. Therefore, the blockchain solves the problem of trust between people on the network. When you trade with a stranger, you no longer need a centralized intermediary system, but can directly conduct peer-to-peer transactions on the blockchain, which saves a lot of intermediate costs and credit costs.
Although a decentralized distributed system has many benefits, it is difficult to design and run such a system, because compared with a centralized system, it runs in an untrustworthy environment and must maintain the consistency and integrity of the system Sex and safety are very difficult. Often things that are easy to do in a centralized system are very difficult in a decentralized system.
So, what are the specific problems that need to be solved in the decentralized Bitcoin system? To sum up, there are mainly the following points.
(1) Thousands of nodes in the decentralized system have the power to keep accounts and store ledger data. The joining and withdrawal of nodes are completely free, and no one can control and authenticate, so it is inevitable that there will be unruly Destroyers. So how to prevent someone from maliciously tampering with data or forging accounts?
(2) The nodes of the Bitcoin system are distributed all over the world. Thousands of transaction data need to be recorded in the network at the same time. The networks in various places are fast or slow, and sometimes some networks may be disconnected. All nodes keep the recorded transaction accounts exactly the same, that is, it is very difficult to maintain the consistency of the entire network.
(3) Double payment is hard to prevent. In layman's terms, double payment refers to the use of an asset twice, which is also called "double spend". For example, there are 3 villagers in the global village who are exchanging goods, they are Erhei, Cuihua and Xiaoming. At present, the entire network's blockchain ledger records that Erhei has 1 bitcoin. He sent this coin to Cuihua and broadcast it to the entire network. So, everyone wrote down the transaction, removed Erhei's Bitcoin from his account record, and added 1 Bitcoin to Cuihua's account record. Now Erhei does not have any bitcoins, but due to the asynchronous network transmission, Xiaoming did not receive the information in time after Erhei broadcast the transaction. Xiaoming’s ledger still records that Erhei has 1 bitcoin. So Erhei sent this bitcoin to Xiaoming again to exchange for some items. The behavior of the two blacks exchanging one of their own bitcoins to two people at the same time is a double-spending attack, which constitutes a transaction fraud.
Before Satoshi Nakamoto appeared, so many IT elites in cypherpunk also tried and failed repeatedly. However, Satoshi Nakamoto summed up the experience of the predecessors and designed a very ingenious operating mechanism to successfully solve these problems, making the Bitcoin system operate stably without central node operation and maintenance management.
This article is organized and published by mkz888z. Welcome to communicate at any time!