Article Directory
1.5G overview and technical indicators
5G, the 5th generation mobile communication technology.
"G" stands for one generation, with a cycle every 10 years.
| 1G | 2G | 3G | 4G | 5G |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980S | 1990S | 2000S | 2010 | 2020 |
| voice | SMS | Social application | Online, interactive, game | Virtual reality, "zero" latency perception |
Technical index
| Indicator name | Flow density | Connection number density | Time delay | Mobility | efficiency | User experience rate | Spectral efficiency | Peak rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4G reference value | 0.1Tbps/k㎡ | 100,000/k㎡ | 10ms | 350km/h | 1 times | 10Mbps | 1 times | 1Gbps |
| 5G value | 10Tbps/k㎡ | 1 million/k㎡ | 1ms | 500km/h | 100 times | 0.1-1Gbps | 3 times improvement (5 times in some scenes) | 20Gbps |
2. 5G application scenarios
2.1 Specific application scenarios
AR: Augmented Reality
VR: Virtual Reality
MR: Mixed Reality
Internet of Vehicles
Telemedicine
Smart City
2.2 Smart City
Anyone, any time, any place, get the services they need.
5G needs to meet high-capacity hotspot scenarios. Ultra-dense networking: a large number of small base stations are added to exchange performance for space.
Base stations are divided into macro base stations and small base stations:
Macro base station: "Tower station", generally covering a range of several kilometers
Small base station: the general coverage range is 10M~200M,
Small base stations are divided into
| Home base station | Femto cell |
|---|---|
| Micro base station | Micro cell |
| Pico base station | Pico cell is also called variable base station |
| Indoor base station | |
| Personal base station |
Advantages of small base stations:
1. Small size, low cost, easy installation, suitable for deep coverage;
2. The power is small, the interference is small, the frequency reuse is realized in a smaller range, and the capacity is improved;
3. Close to the user, improve signal quality and high speed.
3. 5G key technologies
3.1 Dynamic self-organizing network (SON)
SON mainly includes three functions: 1. Self-configuration 2. Self-optimization 3. Self-healing
3.2 Software Defined Network (SDN)
1. Physically separate the control plane and the forwarding plane;
2. The controller centrally manages multiple forwarding devices;
3. Services and programs are deployed on the controller
3.3 Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
The difference between SDN and NFV:
SDN is an innovation for network architecture; NFV is an innovation for device form.
4. Challenges facing 5G
4.1. Spectrum resources
4.2 New business challenges
eMBB: Refers to high-traffic mobile broadband services such as 3D/Ultra HD video;
mMTC: refers to large-scale Internet of Things business;
uRLLC: Services that require low-latency and high-reliability connections, such as unmanned driving and industrial automation.
These three application scenarios point to different fields
4.3 Challenges for new usage scenarios
4.4 Terminal equipment challenge
4.5 Security Challenges in Three Major Scenarios
