Slicing operation in python and how to implement a sliceable object

Slice operation and implement a sliceable object

1. Example of slicing operation

#模式[start:end:step]
"""
    其中,第一个数字start表示切片开始位置,默认为0;
    第二个数字end表示切片截止(但不包含)位置(默认为列表长度);
    第三个数字step表示切片的步长(默认为1)。
    当start为0时可以省略,当end为列表长度时可以省略,
    当step为1时可以省略,并且省略步长时可以同时省略最后一个冒号。
    另外,当step为负整数时,表示反向切片,这时start应该比end的值要大才行。
"""
aList = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]

print (aList[::])  # 返回包含原列表中所有元素的新列表
# [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]

print (aList[::-1])  # 返回包含原列表中所有元素的逆序列表
# [17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]

print (aList[::2])  # 隔一个取一个,获取偶数位置的元素
# [3, 5, 7, 11, 15]

print (aList[1::2])  # 隔一个取一个,获取奇数位置的元素
# [4, 6, 9, 13, 17]

print (aList[3:6])  # 指定切片的开始和结束位置
# [6, 7, 9]

aList[0:100]  # 切片结束位置大于列表长度时,从列表尾部截断、
# [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]

aList[100:]  # 切片开始位置大于列表长度时,返回空列表
# []

aList[len(aList):] = [9]  # 在列表尾部增加元素
# [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]

aList[:0] = [1, 2]  # 在列表头部插入元素 (开始位置和结束位置都是0)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]

aList[3:3] = [8]  # 在列表中间位置插入元素
# [1, 2, 3, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]

aList[:3] = [22, 16]  # 替换列表元素,等号两边的列表长度相等(因为替换的元素是从0到2,但只给了2个)
# [22, 16, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]

aList[3:] = [4, 5, 6]  # 等号两边的列表长度也可以不相等(从第三个位置开始到最后)
# [22, 16, 8, 4, 5, 6]

aList[::2] = [0] * 3  # 隔一个修改一个  [0] * 3 ——> [0, 0, 0]
# [0, 16, 0, 4, 0, 6]

aList[::2] = ['a', 'b', 'c']  # 隔一个修改一个
# ['a', 16, 'b', 4, 'c', 6]

aList[::2] = [1,2]  # 左侧切片不连续,等号两边列表长度必须相等
# ValueError: attempt to assign sequence of size 2 to extended slice of size 3

aList[:3] = []  # 删除列表中前3个元素
# [4, 'c', 6]

del aList[:2]  # 切片元素连续 (删除列表中0到1的元素)
# [6]

del aList[::2]  # 切片元素不连续,隔一个删一个
# ['c']

del aList[::1]  # 删除整个列表
# []

2. Implement a sliceable object

Suppose we want to implement an immutable sequence object (Group class), just refer to the structure abcin the MutableSequenceclass in the module .

Refer abcto the Sequenceclasses in the module to implement variable sequences .

__getitem__Magic is the key function can be sliced, there is no magic in this program will function error: TypeError: 'Group' object is not iterable.

import numbers
class Group:
    #支持切片操作
    def __init__(self, group_name, company_name, staffs):
        self.group_name = group_name
        self.company_name = company_name
        self.staffs = staffs

    def __reversed__(self):
        self.staffs.reverse()

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        cls = type(self)
        if isinstance(item, slice): #如果传进来的是切片类型
            return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name, staffs=self.staffs[item]) #返回Group类型
        elif isinstance(item, numbers.Integral): #如果item是整数 group[0]
            return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name, staffs=[self.staffs[item]])

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.staffs)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.staffs)

    def __contains__(self, item):
        if item in self.staffs:
            return True
        else:
            return False

staffs = ["bobby1", "ming", "bobby2", "bobby3"]
group = Group(company_name="my", group_name="user", staffs=staffs)
reversed(group)
# print(group[0:2]) # <__main__.Group object at 0x00000208FA1EA588> 
# print(group[0])  # <__main__.Group object at 0x00000208FA1EA588> 

# print(leb(group)) # 4

# if 'ming' in group:
#	print('yes')
#  yes

for user in group:
    print(user)
    
# bobby3
# bobby2
# ming
# bobby1

Guess you like

Origin blog.csdn.net/weixin_43901214/article/details/106978388