Linux commonly used commands (specially complete)

System information 
arch displays the processor architecture of the machine
uname -m displays the processor architecture of the machine
uname -r displays the kernel version in use 
dmidecode -q displays the hardware system components-(SMBIOS / DMI) 
hdparm -i /dev/hda lists a disk The architecture features 
hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform a test read operation on the disk 
cat /proc/cpuinfo display CPU info information 
cat /proc/interrupts display interrupt 
cat /proc/meminfo check memory usage 
cat /proc/swaps Show which swap is used 
cat /proc/version Show kernel version 
cat /proc/net/dev Show network adapters and statistics 
cat /proc/mounts Show loaded file system 
lspci -tv List PCI devices 
lsusb -tv Show USB device 
date Display system date 
cal 2007 Display 2007 calendar 
date 041217002007.00 Set date and time-month, day, hour, minute, year. Second 
clock -w Save time modification to BIOS 



shutdown (system shutdown, restart and logout) 
shutdown -h now shutdown system
init 0 shut down the system
telinit 0 shut down the system
shutdown -h hours:minutes & shut down the system at the scheduled time 
shutdown -c cancel shut down the system at the scheduled time 
shutdown -r now restart
reboot restart
logout logout 



files and directories 
cd /home enter the'/home' directory ' 
cd .. return to the upper level directory 
cd ../.. return to the upper two level directories 
cd enter the personal home directory 
cd ~user1 enter the personal home directory 
cd-return to the last directory 
pwd display the working path 
ls view the directory file 
ls -F view files in a directory 
ls -l show details of files and directories 
ls -a show hidden files 
ls * [0-9] * display contains a number of file and directory names 
tree display files and directories from the root directory The starting tree structure
lstree displays the tree structure of files and directories starting from the root directory
mkdir dir1 creates a directory called'dir1 ' 
mkdir dir1 dir2 creates two directories at the same time 
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 creates a directory tree 
rm -f file1 delete a file called'file1'  
rmdir dir1 delete a directory
called'dir1 '  rm -rf dir1 delete a directory called'dir1' and delete its contents at the same time 
rm -rf dir1 dir2 delete two directories and their contents at the same time 
mv dir1 new_dir rename/move one Directory 
cp file1 file2 Copy a file 
cp dir/*. Copy all files in a directory to the current working directory 
cp -a /tmp/dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory 
cp -a dir1 dir2 Copy a directory