I have a Raspberry Pi 3b+ and a 32G memory card.
Thinking of installing a ubuntu system on it to learn how to use ros.
Hardware preparation checklist:
1. Raspberry Pi
2. SD card and card reader.
3. Screen and hdmi connection line.
4. Keyboard and mouse.
Then I learned that ubuntu has a version of ubuntu mate for Raspberry Pi, so I downloaded the system image (I downloaded ubuntu 20.04.1)
After burning the image into the SD card.
I started the black screen and a bootloader related error appeared. I thought it was caused by an operating error, but I didn't expect it to automatically start the installation after two minutes, and then follow the wizard to successfully install it.
After launching ubuntu mate, I found a huge card. Basically, I clicked on the item after the mouse is moved, and the desktop will respond after a few minutes, and then move the mouse smoothly and click on the item again
There will be stuck.
How to do it? Is it better to run ubuntu 20.04.1 with Raspberry Pi 4? I don't know if it is the reason why 3b+ can't move.
Is running ros very stuck when I think about it? Is considering whether to switch back to ubuntu18.04 version and install ros melodic. Will it be much smoother in this case?
Or should I download a 32-bit system? Continue to try!
1. First try to download the 32-bit system and try the installation again. Download the following image, another hour of waiting! !
The result still failed. The following error occurred, I installed it according to this tutorial. https://linux.cn/article-10817-1.html .
It is also a system downloaded according to the link inside.
The problem was found after finding the cause.
Then by looking at this website https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi .
Found the problem: In other words, the desktop version only supports pi4. And mine is 3b+. So you can only install the server version. turn up
Download the pi3 32bit version again.
The reference blog has a download link for 18.04: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RaspberryPi#Recovering_a_system_using_the_generic_kernel
Note: armhf is a 32-bit system. arm64 is a 64-bit system.
Then the server version of ubuntu was installed. After the installation, it was found that there was no desktop but only a terminal. Ahhhhh.
Raspberry Pi is networked under putty.
1. Enter
sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
2. Add at the end
network={
ssid=""
psk=""
}
Fill in your own ssid and password and reboot
That's it.
In order to confirm the connection to wifi after restarting, let's look at the ip address.
Enter to arp -acheck the ip address of the Raspberry Pi. Note that the ip address connected by putty is different from the ip address assigned by the router to the Raspberry Pi to access the Internet.
can be seen. Already have an ip address. Let's try to ping Baidu.
After waiting for a few years, I found that it did not return. Is it because the dns server is not configured and cannot resolve Baidu's ip address? Let's ping Baidu's ip to try.
Still not working, what should I do? Try another ip.
It doesn't work at a glance. What's the problem? Try to open a hotspot with your own phone. After opening the hotspot, I found that I could ping Baidu. It turned out to be a hot issue.
It turns out that the hot ssid="z、、、" contains 3 Chinese characters, which may be the influence of this.
Change the original hotspot name.
Try installing a toolkit through pip install esptool.
It can be downloaded normally.
Shut down:
sudo shutdown -h now
The installed ubuntu still doesn’t work. It didn’t work. Try the ubuntu mate version again. The Ubuntu mate version can’t find the 16.04 version on the official website, only the 20.10 and 20.04 versions. Because you need to install the 16.04 version,
Therefore, after searching the Internet for a long time, I finally found out that I found the 16.04 version at https://releases.ubuntu-mate.org/archived/xenial/ and found the armhf folder.
Then try to install this system.
After the installation, a rainbow screen appeared again. What is going on? Then Baidu solution, and finally found one thing that can replace 3 files, but when installing it, I found that the mouse and keyboard cannot be used.
Tired.
Didn't want to solve it, and then found out
Is there a perfect compatible version here? Download and try, the real twists and turns.
Link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1DGthFhwBadxb0NyWqBdy1g
Extraction code: od9q
Put the link and extraction code here first, in case it is useful, you can use it later.
ok, the installation is successful.
Then configure vnc to facilitate future use without keyboard and mouse.
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40584960/article/details/105557960
I used this tutorial for installation, and found that it could not be installed in the first step. It prompts that the management directory cannot be locked, and then restart the Raspberry Pi.
The first step is the slower installation process. Next time, let's see if there is any good way to install it faster.
In the fourth step, you need to install vim before editing files with vim
sudo apt-get install vim
After the installation is complete, the fourth step can be performed, and the file can be edited smoothly.
However, it was found that vncserver could not be started. Finally, you can use putty to connect to the computer through ssh, which is perfect, and then find a way to see how to open vnc.
The following post can automatically start wifi connection after booting
https://www.flasky.cn/raspberry-pi/auto-connect-wlan.html
Then found during execution
permission denied
Then solve it by the following method:
https://blog.csdn.net/zhengxiangwen/article/details/50625986
After solving, continue the above tutorial, and then find that it can be opened. The Raspberry Pi will automatically connect to the designated wifi every time it is turned on. You can use ssh to connect first, saving a keyboard and mouse.
Then continue to see how to activate vnc.
The following tutorial installs vnc perfectly, but the background is gray after startup.
Remember to change the resolution and username!
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/6181c3e0df7852152ef15308.html
The solution is as follows, you can solve the problem of the Raspberry Pi starting vnc gray screen.
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32384313/article/details/77533012
The startup success is as follows: perfect
During the installation of ros, the following error occurred when: sudo apt-get update.
E: Unable to get the lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock-open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
It can be solved by the following post:
https://blog.csdn.net/yygydjkthh/article/details/39388215
During sudo apt-get update, it was found that all domestic sources of the update were unavailable, all the problems were ignored, and there was no way to get the packages that needed to be downloaded.
Then found that the update source here can be used:
https://www.cnblogs.com/little-kwy/p/10761713.html
Then the problem was solved perfectly.
Then I found that it was very fast to download the ubuntu source during sudo apt-get update, but when downloading the content in ppa.launchpad.net, it was still a huge card.
Here are the solutions:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39642978/article/details/98340947
In the process of using this solution to solve the problem, I found that the Raspberry Pi could not connect to the wifi hotspot. I thought that there was a problem with this operation. After searching for a long time, I found that it was the network card of the computer. After I changed the USB port, the hotspot turned on refused
Connect to any device. Just plug the network card back into the original usb port. (The USB port seems to be broken, and the USB flash drive can't be used normally).
Then, continue to install ros.
apt-get update error: the following signature could not be verified because there is no public key. solution:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24805141/article/details/52838730
Then continue
According to the following tutorial: https://www.cnblogs.com/pyxz/p/10552298.html
Finally successfully installed ros, the perfect ending!
However, after restarting ubuntu, I opened roscore and found:
Solution: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33697852/article/details/106496718