On the basis of traditional road transportation carriers and freight forwarding companies, a third-party network platform that specifically matches cargo sources and capacity has been created-the network freight platform.
The capacity market represented by the logistics industry has always been known for its "circle culture". The so-called circle culture means that with the growth of logistics demand, each area has formed a specific logistics distribution center, and transport vehicles gather here when they are idle (commonly known as "car wozi"), and the phenomenon of information islands between regions is very serious. .
In recent years, based on the consideration of improving the efficiency of vehicle operation in the logistics industry, the main body of vehicles has gradually changed from a fleet to an individual transporter. According to statistics, at present, individual transporters account for more than 90% of carriers, and the number of domestic companies with more than 5 vehicles only accounts for 2.2% of the total number of carriers. This phenomenon has led to the status quo of small scale, scattered distribution, weak standardization, and short average daily mileage of the transporter fleet. Intensive management is difficult, the scale effect is difficult to fully reflect, and the logistics cost is seriously high. . Therefore, on the basis of traditional road transportation carriers and freight forwarding companies, a third-party network platform that specifically matches the source of goods and capacity has been created-the network freight platform.
What is an online freight platform?
The online freight platform relies on the Internet platform to integrate and configure transportation resources, and provides service platforms such as information intermediary and transaction matching for shippers (consignors) and actual carriers (logistics companies, drivers, and freight departments). The online freight platform signs a transportation contract with the shipper (consignor) as a carrier, and entrusts the actual carrier (logistics company, driver, freight department) to complete the road transportation of ordinary goods (not including dangerous goods).
The responsibility of the online freight platform to the shipper (consignor) in the entire business chain includes: the responsibility to ensure the safety of the cargo transportation of the shipper, the responsibility to the shipper for the loss of the goods, the responsibility to handle the complaint of the shipper, the responsibility to directly collect the freight of the shipper, and The responsibility of the shipper to issue shipping invoices. In addition, the actual carrier (logistics company, driver, freight department) of the platform also needs to bear the rights and responsibilities of recovery, supervision, timely payment of freight, identification and verification of the actual carrier's certificate and the authenticity of the operating vehicle certificate.
How does the online freight platform promote the transformation and upgrading of the logistics industry?
In order to further promote the integrated development of the road freight transportation industry and the Internet, promote the transformation and upgrading of the logistics industry, and promote the cost reduction and efficiency increase of the logistics industry, according to the work deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on "Internet +" efficient logistics and promoting the standardized and healthy development of platform economy, 2019 On September 6, 2016, the Ministry of Transport and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Management of Road Freight Transport on Internet Platforms" to standardize the operation of road cargo on the Internet platform (referred to as Internet freight), cultivate new forms of modern logistics market, and accelerate the road The freight industry is transformed and upgraded with high-quality development.
One end of the network freight platform connects cargo owners, and the other downstream connects to the drivers of the carrier fleet, and uses blockchain, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to achieve large-scale and intensive transportation management, and promote the digitalization of the logistics industry in the following aspects Transformation:
1. The flat Internet management model has gradually broken the status quo of industry subcontracting. The traditional offline mode goes from general contracting to multi-level outsourcing to drivers. The communication efficiency is low, and the phenomenon of information asymmetry has greatly increased the logistics cost of the shipper.
2. Assist in the redistribution of transportation capacity and increase the actual load rate of transportation vehicles. This greatly alleviates the difficulty of finding goods for one-way transportation vehicles and promotes more efficient operation of transportation vehicles.
3. The traditional offline search for goods is placed online for trading, and the business process steps are simple and fast. The cargo owner does not need to go offline to the logistics distribution center to find the vehicle, it can be done simply and conveniently directly on the platform;
4. Facilitate vehicle management and tax supervision. The data of the network freight platform is unified into the provincial network freight information monitoring system in accordance with specific data standards to realize the integration of business flow, vehicle flow, and capital flow.
What difficulties still need to be overcome by the online freight platform?
In order to encourage the development of the online freight platform, the State Administration of Taxation and some local governments have given certain taxation policy support, but the platform still encounters certain difficulties in how to achieve market-oriented operations more effectively.
1. It is difficult to take advantage of the platform's scale effect. In recent years, the growth of road transportation demand has greatly increased the number of transportation vehicles. The market has changed from a state of more vehicles and more goods to a state of more vehicles and less goods. Shippers (ie shippers) are in a relatively strong position in the transportation market. The willingness to operate on the online platform is relatively low, and it is more difficult for the online freight platform to market shippers. Other logistics companies or peers that work closely with the shippers are unwilling to share the information of the shippers on the same platform due to the consideration of information protection. This makes the platform suitable Some economies of scale are difficult to fully utilize.
2. The cash flow gap is difficult to fill. According to the requirements of the "Guidelines for the Operation and Service of Road Freight Transport on Internet Platforms", online freight platforms must not arbitrarily default on freight. Individual drivers generally require the platform to pay the freight immediately after the completion of the transportation task, but the upstream cargo owner and the platform have a certain accounting period agreement. Generally more than 30 days, the funding gap between this has caused the platform to prepare additional funds for advances. The larger the scale of transportation undertaken by the platform, the greater the amount of funds required. There is currently no market. Appropriate financial products are supported.
Third, the carrier's rights and interests are guaranteed low. Under the platform-sharing economy model, the phenomenon of fewer goods and more cars will be further magnified. On the one hand, it reduces the revenue of the fleet and drivers. On the other hand, it will happen more frequently that the fleet and individual drivers are in arrears of freight, and the platform needs to do better To ensure the operating income of the fleet and drivers, and maintain the healthy development of the transportation market.
"Blockchain+" to create a new network freight platform solution
Based on the above background, this article proposes a new type of network freight platform solution, through the decentralization of blockchain technology, data cannot be tampered with, "available invisible" and other characteristics, to achieve multi-party collaborative governance, strengthen resource sharing, and solve The financing problem of logistics finance.
1. The solution can solve the problem of cross-platform cargo owners and capacity resource sharing. Multiple partners with cargo owner resources can share cargo owner and capacity data on the decentralized network freight blockchain platform, set sensitive information to cipher text between each other, and carry out hash value storage on the chain, sharing and realizing resources In order to protect the privacy of information, the sharing effect of "data is available but not visible" is achieved.
2. The solution can solve the bottleneck phenomenon of "difficult financing and expensive financing". Traditional logistics financial supporting products such as freight factoring, fleet/driver credit loans, etc. face problems such as low participation of cargo owners, difficulty in confirming rights, high credit risk, lack of driver data, etc. The authenticity of the business is difficult to verify, and upstream arrears are serious and risky. It is difficult to identify, causing the phenomenon of "financing difficult and expensive" to prevail.
The new blockchain network freight platform uses the characteristics of non-tamperable, traceable, open and transparent data on the blockchain, and integrates with the Internet of Things to ensure that the information on the chain is credible and difficult to tamper with, showing financial institutions The multi-dimensional and three-dimensional overall view of logistics and transportation solves the problem of business authenticity. Form the consignor (the real repayment party in the logistics business) the historical reconciliation settlement record based on the blockchain, which plays a reference role for the current repayment risk of the financing business. At the same time, the historical transportation records of the logistics company and its subordinate drivers and vehicles are displayed on the chain to form valuable data assets and solve the problem of identifying the risk of the fleet and drivers.
3. The program can screen high-quality carriers with reliable credit and stable operations, and automatically realize the survival of the fittest. The platform sets up a list sharing mechanism for data on the chain, introduces corresponding incentive mechanisms, and allows multiple parties to participate in information maintenance. According to the needs of the data viewers, the maintainer can charge a certain fee, which is conducive to new entrants in the industry to discover in time those with poor credit records Shippers and fleet drivers, based on the data assets of historical records on the chain, protect high-quality groups with reliable credit and stable operations, and promote the healthy, orderly and efficient development of the logistics industry.
The logistics industry is a typical strong collaboration industry, and all participants are aware of the value of data, but they lack the ability to mine and apply the value of data. If the "blockchain+" network freight platform is applied on a large scale, it will break the serious regional and inter-regional information island phenomenon under the "circle culture", further optimize the logistics market structure, and help the logistics industry to enter the right track of digital transformation.