Hezhou Luat | Miss Communication Talks about the Internet of Things and Interprets the Secret of the Internet of Everything
The Internet of Things is constantly changing our lives and becoming a hot technology topic. After this hot word that almost everyone can blurt out, there seems to be some unspeakable secret.
Ms. Li Jiaodi from Hezhou Market Product Center will gradually unveil the mystery of the Internet of Things through a series of articles.
What is the Internet of Things?
LuatOS-is not limited to Hezhou products, not limited to communication modules, but pays more attention to the portability of various software and hardware platforms, opening a new open source ecosystem of Hezhou Communication for IoT embedded development.
Internet of Things-literally, it is the networking between objects. English is called Internet of Things, or IoT for short.
This title is used to distinguish it from the commonly used computers and mobile phones.
Because computers and mobile phones are operated by humans, the networking between computers and mobile phones can be understood as the networking between people, that is, the Internet and the mobile Internet.
IoT name anecdote
Before 2015, there was no name IoT, but there was the concept of M2M.
M2M-means Machine to Machine, the communication between machines.
It is said that at a certain time in 2015, a Chinese, who did not know the specifics, put forward the idea of IoT at an international conference.
But according to him, IoT was not proposed by him. It was proposed by Professor Kevin Ashton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1991, but when it was proposed, no one paid much attention.
Since then, everyone in the world has said IoT, and no one has said the word M2M anymore.
For communications practitioners, the networking of things and things has unlimited imagination.
For a long time, no one knows what the Internet of Things is for, only that it is a great industry. In the past few years, the Internet of Things has suddenly become popular, and no one knows why. It is probably because mobile payment becomes more convenient and payment for connected objects becomes faster, so suddenly there are more devices connected to the Internet. Starting with shared bicycles, applications such as unmanned vending machines and shared power banks are like a prairie fire.
The core value of the Internet of Things
Between people, the Internet has improved communication efficiency and promoted the development of human capabilities. What are the main benefits of networking between things and things?
Help humans better understand objects
If the precious trees in the desert can be connected to the Internet, humans do not need to spend time and effort to visit the site, and can also easily know the growth status of the tree;
if the equipment in the dangerous environment is connected to the Internet, humans can easily monitor the operating status of the equipment. Take the risk of life in person.
Humans can control equipment more easily
If a forklift can be connected to the Internet, people can remotely control the forklift as long as they sit in the control room, without having to sit in the cab, and endure high temperatures or cold environments;
bicycles and power banks are connected to the Internet, and humans have bicycles anywhere. In places with power banks, you can use the services of power banks and bicycles by scanning the code with your mobile phone. You only need to pay the rent, and you don’t need to buy a bicycle or power bank. After the
gas meter, water meter, and electric meter are connected to the Internet, the metering information is automatically reported Cloud server, the server can automatically issue the bill to the user, and the user can pay directly, without manually going to the user's home to read the meter.
Humans can collect industry data more conveniently to facilitate decision-making
After the Internet of Things, data is reported every day, and these data accumulate over time to form big data to facilitate human decision-making.
Every air conditioner manufactured by Gree is equipped with networking capabilities. These air conditioners are sold to various channels and sold to the homes of various users. Through the data report of so many air conditioners, it is easy to know which regions the air conditioners are sold to, so Gree can make supply chain decisions more conveniently;
Tencent sells networked payment speakers to various merchants, and these speakers report transactions every day According to the data, Tencent can easily know the distribution of merchants and the quality of business, so it is easier to conduct business layout for various regions.
All in all, the networking between things is to establish a bond between people and things, which not only improves the operating efficiency of objects, but also improves the efficiency of human activities.
The composition of the Internet of Things
The purpose of the Internet of Things is to report data, and to control and manage equipment.
To achieve this goal, in addition to traditional objects, the Internet of Things also requires data collection, device control, communication modules, cloud applications, and man-machine interfaces.
Data collection terminal
The measurement of water meters, temperature and humidity measurement of air conditioners, power collection of power banks, and collection of shared bicycle lock status are all data collection units.
The data collection unit is also available in traditional devices that are not networked, but the collected results are displayed on the interface of the device without reporting.
Device controller
After the mobile phone scans the code, opening the lock of the shared bicycle or authorizing the ejection of a power bank are typical scenarios for device control.
With the equipment control unit, the efficiency of the equipment can be greatly improved, and the operation of the equipment can create many new business models.
Communication module
The communication module is the communication carrier of the Internet of Things. Only with the communication module can a communication channel be established between the object and the cloud server.
There are many ways of communication module, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Lora, 2G, 4G, 5G, NB-IoT, all of which are different communication methods. According to different needs, users can choose a more suitable communication method.
Cloud application
The cloud application is used to receive the data reported by the object, store it in the database, and perform data analysis through the server-side software, or present it to humans for viewing.
Most of the human-machine interface software for human-controlled equipment is to send commands to the object through cloud software to control the object.
HMI
The man-machine interface is an interface presented to humans for viewing and operating. There are PC browser interfaces, PC client software, mobile apps, mobile applets, and mobile browsers.
Through these rich interfaces, humans can view data and control objects in many aspects.
IoT communication classification
The communication of the Internet of Things is divided into short-distance and wide-area network communication methods.
Short range communication
Short-distance communication refers to communication methods without operator base stations. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Lora are all short-distance communication methods.
The most important of the advantages of short-range wireless communication is that there is no need to pay traffic charges to operators.
The main disadvantage is that the communication quality cannot be guaranteed because it does not pay traffic fees. It can only be used for point-to-point short-distance transmission (such as Bluetooth headsets). If a relay communication like a router is required, the quality of the communication is often not well guaranteed.
WAN communication
Wide area network communication refers to the way that communication needs to be carried out through the operator's base station, including 2G, 3G, 4G, NB-IoT, and 5G.
1) 3G is the first communication standard to be eliminated. In addition to being used in some overseas regions, 3G is no longer the mainstream communication standard in most countries around the world.
2) 2G will gradually withdraw from the network in the next few years. China Unicom announced a few years ago that it would no longer provide 2G IoT services. China Mobile also announced that it will no longer issue 2G-enabled IoT cards at the end of 2020, thereby achieving the goal of gradual withdrawal from the network.
3) 4G will become the mainstream IoT communication standard in the next five years.
The communication of 4G Internet of Things is divided into two ways: Cat.4 and Cat.1.
The difference between the two is that Cat.4 is faster and the communication module cost is higher, while Cat.1 is slower and the communication module cost is low. Starting in 2020, with the gradual mass production of Cat.1 dedicated chips, Cat.1 communication methods have gradually become the mainstream.
4) The advantage of NB-IoT is that the cost of the communication module is lower than that of Cat.1, and the power consumption is also lower than that of Cat.1. There are two disadvantages, one is that the network coverage is not as good as 4G, and the other is that the communication rate is too slow.
5) Starting from 2020, 5G has gradually become popular in mobile phones, but in the Internet of Things industry, it may take 3-5 years to gradually apply on a large scale.
Open source and open, a new generation of IoT operating system LuatOS, looking forward to your joining!