ArchLinux+deepin desktop+NVIDIA+CUDA+CUDNN installation

1 Introduction

Arch Linux uses a rolling release model to obtain the latest version of system updates and software. Thanks to a higher personalized system, recently used archlinux to configure some basic compilation environments for their own use. Of course, unfamiliar students can also use the Manjaro Linux desktop environment to install the basic operating system. This article will detail how to configure the archlinux deep learning environment.

2. Installation of ArchLinux Base system

Generally, the installation of archlinux is divided into the following basic parts: network configuration (used to download files and update the system), partition, installation system, environment configuration, and launcher configuration.

2.1 Network configuration

Turn on dhcp, connect to the wireless network

systemctl start dhcpcd
wifi-menu # 开启wifi

Of course, you can use a wired network to plug in the network cable directly.
Update system time
This step is used to calibrate the system time information

timedatactl set-ntp true

Edit mirror site files The
mirror site files have too many foreign URLs, and the internet speed is slow. Here, we use domestic websites to speed up downloading.

mv /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.back
cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.back |grep China -A -v '-'>/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Or edit the /etc/pacman.conf file,

nano /etc/pacman.conf

If there is no nano editor, you can download it directly

pacman -S nano

And add the following

[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

After saving, update the source

pacman -Syy

2.2 Partition

Use fdisk, gparted, and cfdisk to perform partition operations. Unfamiliar friends can use cfdisk to partition the disk, which is suitable for unskilled friends.
View partition status

fdisk -l

According to the state of the partition, you can determine how you install it. Of course, it is possible to deploy each folder in the root directory of Linux to a different partition, which requires reasonable use of the partition. The author allocated 30GB for archlinux, 300MB for EFI boot, and 2GB for swap partition.
Format partition

mkfs.fat /dev/sda1 # 用于EFI启动的分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdaX # 用于安装系统文件的位置
swapon /dev/sdaX # 激活交换分区

Mount partition

mount /dev/sdaX /mnt # 用于安装文件系统
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi #用于安装EFI启动器

So the second step is completed

2.3 Install the basic system and environment configuration

Install the basic system
Use the following command to install the basic system from source

pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware

The first two are to install the basic system, the latter is the linux kernel and linux firmware. This takes a while.
After the installation is complete, perform basic configuration
configuration fstab

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Better check again

cat /mnt/etc/fstab

Switch root
Use chroot to switch to the new system

arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

Install editor and more

pacman -Sy
pacman -S nano 

Local language configuration

nano /etc/locale.gen

Delete the following content in this file

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

Generate the corresponding language configuration file

locale-gen

Set the system language (English is recommended)

echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

Set time zone to
generate soft link

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

Set hardware time

hwclock --systohc --utc
hwclock --systohc --localtime

Set hostname

echo myhostname > /etc/hostname

Where myhostname is the host name you set yourself. Or you can use nano to open the hostname file, edit and save it.
Edit the /etc/hosts file,

nano /etc/hosts

Then write the following in the file

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname

Where myhostname is the host name defined by yourself.
User management
First set the root password

passwd root

Then add users

useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/bash myusername

Set user password

passwd myusername

Where myusername is the user name set.
Add the user to sudo

nano /etc/sudoers

Find root ALL=(ALL)ALL, then add content

myusername ALL=(ALL)ALL

Network configuration
Start network connection at boot

systemctl enable dhcpcd

Set up a wireless network connection

pacman -S net-tools iw wpa_supplicant dialog

This basically sets up the system configuration

2.4 Installation of system launcher

The system launcher is divided into two situations, one is the basic BIOS+MBR startup method, download and install the basic launcher

pacman -S grub-bios

installation

grub-install --target=i386-pc --debug --force /dev/sdaX

The other is the UEFI+GPT boot method, because the author uses this boot method in the notebook

pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools

installation

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --recheck

Generate the corresponding configuration file

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

In this way, the launcher is installed.
Based on the above steps, the basic environment is installed successfully. Then exit the chroot and restart the operating system.

exit
umount -R /mnt
reboot

3. NVIDIA graphics driver installation

After restarting the system, you can log in to enter the system, and then start to install the graphics card driver. Here first look at what the basic graphics card driver is

lspci |grep VGA

There are the following installations of the graphics card driver

Package name	use
xf86-video-vesa	Universal
xf86-video-intel	intel nuclear display
xf86-video-new	nvidia
xf86-video-ati	ATi

The above different installation package files can be used for different computers. I use a GeForce graphics card in my computer. I need to disable this graphics card driver after installing xf86-video-nouveau, so I didn’t install this driver. After searching using the pacman package name, I found the corresponding nvidia graphics card driver package, so I’m here Direct installation

pacman -S nvidia

This will install the nvidia graphics driver.
Install X service

sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-init

Install the touchpad driver (ignored by the desktop)

sudo pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics

Install font files

sudo pacman -S ttf-dejavu wqy-microhei

Install the sound card driver

sudo pacman -S alsa-utils
sudo pacman -Sy alsa-lib alsa-utils
sudo systemctl --user enable pulseaudio # 设置开机启动

or it could be

systemctl start alsa-state.service
systemctl enable alsa-state.service

This completes the underlying display service, and the next step is to install the corresponding desktop environment.

4. Installation of Desktop Environment

There are many kinds of desktop environment installations, including Gonme desktop, KDE desktop, XFace desktop, LXDE desktop, deepin desktop, Pantheon desktop, Unity desktop, etc. Based on the love of deepin desktop environment and usage habits, I decided to use deepin desktop environment. In addition, the author also lists the installation process of other desktop environments.

4.1 deepin desktop

The deepin desktop comes from the Deepin Technology desktop, which is loved by many people because of its gorgeous desktop. Install the basic environment

sudo pacman -S deepin deepin-extra lightdm lightdm-deepin-greeter

Install network manager

sudo pacman -S networkmanager

Boot up NetworkManager and lightdm

sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
sudo systemctl enable lightdm

After setting up, you can enter the desktop environment after restarting, and you can set the desktop configuration accordingly.

4.2 Gnome desktop

Install the corresponding desktop environment

sudo pacman -S gnome gnome-tweak-tool alacarte

Among the above commands, the first item is the basic desktop environment, the second item is the gnome desktop optimization tool, and the third is the gnome desktop menu editor.
Start the gnome desktop window manager service and network management service

sudo systemctl enable gdm
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

Just restart

4.3 KDE Desktop

Install the corresponding desktop environment

sudo pacman -S plasma konsole dolphin kde-applications

Among the above commands, the first item is the basic desktop environment, the second item is the konsole terminal, the third item is the plasma manager, and the fourth item is the KDE suite, which includes many commonly used system tools and so on.
Start sddm desktop window manager service and network management service

sudo systemctl enable sddm
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

Install front-end tools for network management

sudo pacman -S plasma-nm

Just restart

4.4 XFace4 desktop

Install desktop environment and lightdm desktop manager

sudo pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

Start the desktop environment

sudo systemctl start lightdm.service

Boot lightdm service and network management service

sudo systemctl enable lightdm
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

4.5 LXDE Desktop

Install the corresponding desktop environment

sudo pacman -S lxde-common lxsession lxpanel openbox lxterminal pcmanfm

The corresponding ones are LXDE desktop environment, LXDE Session, LXDE panel, LXDE window manager, terminal under LXDE environment, file manager and
then start the corresponding service.

sudo systemctl enable lxsession 
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

The installation of other desktops is similar to the above, for example, the installation of UKUI desktop (domestic Kylin system desktop, Galaxy Kylin desktop):

sudo pacman -S ukui

Finally, the installation process of Pantheon desktop, Cinnamon desktop, MATE desktop, Budgie desktop, etc. is similar, so I won’t describe it here.

5. CUDA+CUDNN environment installation

After the above installation process, use the following command to view the graphics driver of the system

nvidia-smi

The arclinux official website shows that there are CUDA and CUDNN driver environments in its open source, which can be installed directly using pacman:

sudo pacman -S cuda cudnn

For detailed information, please refer to ArchCuda .

6. Follow-up process of installation

6.1 Add domestic sources

Edit file

nano /etc/pacman.conf

You can add 163 website mirror source or Tsinghua mirror source, etc. The author uses Tsinghua mirror source:

[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

Or use the following method to switch the Chinese mirror source

sudo pacman-mirrors --country China

Then update and select the fastest source list

sudo pacman-mirrors -g

Update system

sudo pacman -Sy
sudo pacman -Syy
sudo pacman -Syyu

Then install the archlinuxcn-keyring package to import the GPG key:

sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

The author made an error when installing this package and could not add the key to the corresponding file. Finally, refer to the following article GnuPG-2.1 and pacman keyring : Due to the upgrade to gnupg-2.1, pacman upstream updated the format of the keyring, which made the local master key unable to sign other keys. This is not a problem unless you want to customize the pacman keyring. However, it is recommended that all users generate a new key ring to solve potential problems.

sudo pacman -Syu haveged
sudo systemctl start haveged
sudo systemctl enable haveged

sudo rm -fr /etc/pacman.d/gnupg
sudo pacman-key --init
sudo pacman-key --populate archlinux
sudo pacman-key --populate archlinuxcn

Then install it again.

6.2 Install yaourt package manager

It is also a package manager of the archlinux operating system, using aur

sudo pacman -S yaourt yay

6.3 Install google browser or firefox browser

firefox browser

sudo pacman -S firefox
sudo pacman -S flashplugin #注意浏览器中flash的支持

chromium browser

sudo pacman -S chromium

Google Chrome browser

sudo pacman -S google-chrome

6.4 Install WPS-Office software

You only need to perform the following operations under the terminal to install

sudo pacman -S wps-office-cn # 安装主体WPS办公软件
sudo pacman -S wps-office-mui-zh-cn # 安装中文软件包
sudo pacman -S ttf-wps-fonts # 安装字体文件

6.5 Install Chinese input method

Install fcitx input method framework

sudo pacman -S fcitx
sudo pacman -S fcitx-configtool
sudo pacman -S fcitx-gtk2 fcitx-gtk3 fcitx-qt4 fcitx-qt5

Install Sogou Pinyin input method

sudo pacman -S fcitx-sogoupinyin

Configuration file

nano ~/.xprofile

Add the following content

export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

Take effect

source ~/.xprofile

Maybe pacman cannot find the Sogou input method, you can use the yaourt package manager to install it. Note that the yaourt package manager does not need to use sudo, it executes the root command directly

yaourt -S fcitx-sogoupinyin

In this way, the installation is successful, and the unresolved problem is the Chinese garbled problem of Sogou input method.

6.6 Install XRDP

Installation package management tool

sudo pacman -S yay

Install dependent libraries

sudo pacman -S binutils nasm patch

Install XRDP

yay -S xrdp

reference

[1] arclinuxcn
[2] archlinux
[3] Install Sogou Pinyin input method on Archlinux