【original】
The gentleman said: Learning is impossible. Blue is taken from blue, and blue is from blue; ice is from water, and cold is from water. The wooden rope is straight in the middle, which is thought of as a wheel, and its song is in the middle of the rules. Although there are violence, those who do not stand up, they can make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the gold is sharp and profitable. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and considers himself every day, he knows and does nothing wrong.
Therefore, if you don't climb the mountains, you don't know the height of the sky; if you don't face the deep streams, you don't know the thickness of the earth; if you don't hear the last words of the first king, you don't know the extent of learning. The son of Yu Yueyi raccoon, born with the same voice, long and different, and taught to make it happen. The poem said: "You gentleman, there is no constant rest. Jing is respectful, but it is upright. God listens to you, and you are Jingfu." God is no greater than Huadao, and Fumo is better than no harm.
I’m thinking about it all day long, it’s better to learn what I need to learn. I am stunned and looked forward to seeing it, it is better to climb the heights. When you move up high, your arms are not lengthened, but you see far. Scream down the wind, the sound is not aggravated, but the one who hears it is clear. Those who pretend to be horses are non-profits, and they cause thousands of miles. Fake boat editors are not capable of water, but never rivers. Gentlemen are not different, they are good at things.
There is a bird yan in the south, the name is "Mongolian Dove", which uses feathers as its nest, and weaves it for hair, which is tied to reed vetch. The wind broke, the egg broke and the child died. There is no end to the nest, but also the ones tied to it. In the West, there is Muyan, its name is "Shegan". The stem is four inches long. It is born on a high mountain and faces the abyss of hundreds of thousands. The stems cannot grow, and the ones that stand are. Peng Sheng Mazhong, straight without support. 〖White sand is in Nirvana, and it's black with it. 〗 The root of Lanhuai is Weizhi, and when it gradually fades, the gentleman is not close, and the common people are not satisfied. The quality is not beautiful, but it is gradually. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown and travel to a scholar.
The beginning of things must begin. Honor and disgrace must be like virtue. The meat rots out of worms, and the fish withered and beetles. Neglect and forget one's body, calamity is done. Take the column strong and take the beam softly. Evil is in the body, constructed by resentment. If the pay is one, the fire will be dry. If the ground is flat, the water will be wet. When vegetation grows, the flocks of animals and animals follow their own kind. It is the quality of Zhang and the bow and arrow, the forest is luxuriant and the axe, the tree is shaded and the birds are resting, the acid and the gnat gather. Therefore, words can call for disasters, and actions can be humiliated. Gentlemen should be cautious about what they do!
The accumulation of soil into mountains, the wind and rain are prosperous. The accumulation of water makes an abyss, and the dragon is born. Accumulate goodness into virtue, and the gods are contented, the Sacred Heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach a thousand miles; if you don't accumulate small currents, you can't become a river. Qi Ji makes a leap and cannot take ten steps; Perseverance, the rotten wood can not be broken; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. The earthworm has no advantages of claws and fangs, and has strong bones and bones. It feeds on the earth and drinks the yellow spring. The crab kneels on six and has two claws. Those who have no place to trust are not the snake's hole, and they are impatient. Therefore, there is no ambition, no clear understanding. There is no magnificent contribution to those who have nothing to fear. Those who follow the Taoist path will not come, and the two monarchs will not tolerate things. The eyes cannot see and see, and the ears cannot hear but are clever. The snake flies without feet, and the rat is poor with five branches. The poem said: "The corpse dove is in the mulberry, and its sons are seven. A gentleman has his rituals. His rituals are like a knot, and his heart is like a knot." So a gentleman has a knot.
In the past, the huba drums and the flow [Shen] the fish out to listen, the boy ya drums the piano and the six horses lie up. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not invisible. The jade is in the mountains and the vegetation is moist, the pearls grow in the deep, but the cliff is not dry. Do good and not accumulate evil? There are those who do not hear! Start learning evil? End of evil? Said: The number begins with chanting and ends with ritual reading. Its righteousness begins as a scholar and ends as a saint. If you really work hard for a long time, you will enter, and the learning will stop afterwards. Therefore, there is an end to the study of numbers, and if it is right, you must not leave it for a while. For this, people are also; for those who give up, beasts. Those who are old books, the records of political affairs are also. Poet, the sound is also stopped. Ceremony, the great division of law, the discipline of the group. Therefore, learning is about etiquette and stop. Husband is the ultimate moral. The respect of rituals, the harmony of happiness, the richness of poetry and books, the microcosm of spring and autumn, are complete between heaven and earth.
The learning of a gentleman is also in the ears, the chopsticks are the heart, the four bodies are covered, and the shape is movement and static. In the end, one can be a rule by creeping. The learning of the villain is also in the ears, and out of the mouth. There are four inches of ears between the mouth and ears, and it is enough to be a beautiful seven-foot body! Ancient scholars are themselves, and today's scholars are human. The learning of a gentleman is also to beautify himself. The learning of the villain is also considered as a bird. Therefore, if you don’t ask, you can say it is proud, and if you ask, you can say it. Proud, Feiye; [Spoken praise], Feiye; A gentleman is like Xiangcong.
Learning Mo is close to him. Ritual and music are not mentioned, poetry and books are therefore not cut, spring and autumn are simple but not fast. Fang Qiren's theory of being a gentleman is respected everywhere, and Zhou is in the world. Therefore, it is said: Learning Mo is close to him.
Learning the classics is faster than good ones, and Longli comes next. If you can't be good to others, and you can't prosper, Ante will only learn miscellaneous knowledge and poetry! In the poor years of the last days, it is inevitable to be a rude Confucian. Regarding the original king, benevolence and righteousness, then rituals are correct in their longitude and latitude. If you turn on the fur collar, you can stop it with five fingers. If you don’t follow the constitution, you can use poems and books for it. For example, you can use it to refer to the river. Therefore, although long rites are not clear, so are the priests; if not long rites, although they are investigating and debating, they can also disperse Confucianism.
Don't tell anyone who asks the bitter. Those who complain, do not ask. Don't listen to those who are bitter. Don't argue with anyone who is striving. Therefore, it must follow the path, then take it, and avoid it if it is not. Therefore, courtesy and respectfulness can then be related to the way of speech; smooth speech can then be related to the reason of speech; color and respect can then be related to the way of speech. Therefore, it can not be called arrogance in terms of words, it can be called concealment in terms of words, and it is called arrogance in terms of expression. Therefore, a gentleman is neither arrogant nor hiding nor sullen, but he is willing to let him go. The poem said: "The bandit gives the bandit to Shu, and the emperor gives it."
Missing a hundred shots is not good at shooting. It is not enough to say that it is not good to take a long step. The ethics are unreasonable, and the benevolence and justice are different, which is not good enough. The one who learns is the one who learns. As soon as you leave Yan and enter Yan, the people who paint alley are also. There are few good ones and many bad ones, and it is also a thief. After all, then scholars too.
A gentleman knows his husband and is not pure enough to be beautiful, so he should read it through the number, think through it, treat it for the person, and maintain it for the person who eliminates its harm. To make the eyes not to see without desire, to make the ears to hear without desire, to make the mouth to speak without desire, and to make the heart not to be worried. As far as it is good, the five colors of good eyes, the five sounds of good ears, the five flavors of good mouth, and the goodness of heart have the world. Therefore, rights cannot be given to others, the masses cannot be transferred, and the world cannot be repressed. Life is a matter of life, death is a matter of life, a husband is a virtue. Virtue can then be determined. Can set and then can respond. A husband is an adult if he is able to respond. The sky sees its bright, the earth sees its light, and a gentleman cherishes everything.
[Original textbook for human teaching]
The gentleman said: Learning is impossible.
Green is taken from blue and blue from blue; ice, water is cold from water for it. The wooden rope is straight in the middle, and it is thought of as a wheel, and its song is in the rules; although there are violence, those who do not stand up, they can make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the gold is for the benefit. The gentleman who is knowledgeable and saves himself every day, then he knows and does nothing wrong.
I taste all the time and think about it, it is better to learn what I have to learn; I taste and look forward to it, it is better to climb high and see. When you climb high, you don’t lengthen your arms, but you see far away; when you go down the wind, you don’t get sick, but you hear it. Those who pretend to be horses are not profitable and cause thousands of miles; those who pretend to be boats are not capable of water, but never rivers. Gentlemen are not different, they are good at things.
The accumulation of soil makes mountains, the wind and rain prosper; the accumulation of water makes the abyss, the dragon and the dragon grow; the accumulation of goodness becomes virtue, and the gods are contented, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach a thousand miles; if you don't accumulate small currents, you can't become a river. Qi Ji makes a leap and cannot take ten steps; Perseverance, the rotten wood can not be broken; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. The earthworm has no claws, strong bones and bones, eats the earth on the earth, and drinks the yellow spring. Crabs kneel and two claws, non-snake eels have no place to trust, and they are impatient.
【Translation】
The gentleman said: learning cannot be stopped.
Indigo is extracted from blue grass, but it is greener than the color of blue grass; ice, which is formed by freezing water, is colder than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the ink line, (if) it simmers the roasting curve into a wheel, (then) the curvature of the wood (then) conforms to the round standard. Even if it dries up, (the wood) will not be straight again, because it passes through Processing to make it like this. Therefore, the wood can be straightened after the ink thread is measured, and the metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being sharpened on the whetstone. A gentleman learns extensively, and checks and reflects on himself every day. Then he will be smart and intelligent, and his behavior will not be. There was a fault.
I used to think about it all day, (but) not as good as the knowledge I learned in a moment; I used to stand on tiptoe and look far, but (but) it is better to climb to a high place to see the vastness. When I climbed up to a high place and waved my hand, my arm was no longer longer than before, but others could see it from a distance; when I called along the wind, my voice was no louder than before, but the people who listened could hear it clearly. People who use carts and horses do not walk fast, but they can travel thousands of miles. People who use boats can not swim but can cross rivers. The nature of a gentleman is no different from ordinary people, (just a gentleman) is good at using foreign objects.
The accumulation of earth and rocks became high mountains, and the wind and rain rose from here; the confluence of water became an abyss, and the dragons came from here; accumulating good deeds and forming noble morals, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom and have the spirit of a saint realm. Therefore, without accumulating one and a half steps, there is no way to reach thousands of miles; without accumulating small water, there is no way to merge into rivers and oceans. A horse leap is less than ten steps away; a bad horse-drawn cart walks for ten days, (and it can go very far,) its success lies in its non-stop walking. (If) it stops after a few cuts, (then) the rotting wood will continue to be carved. (If) continue to carve, (then) gold and stone can be carved successfully. Earthworms do not have sharp claws and teeth, and strong bones, but they can eat mud upwards and drink spring water downwards. This is due to their concentration. A crab has eight legs and two large claws. (But) if there are no snakes and worms, it will have nowhere to live. This is because of its impetuous intentions.
[About "Encouraging Learning"]
"Encouraging Learning" is the first chapter of "Xunzi", which systematically discusses the purpose, meaning, attitude and methods of learning. The text excerpts selected four paragraphs, emphatically discussing the importance of learning and the attitude to be held in learning. Persuasion is the meaning of exhortation and encouragement.
(1) "Xunzi" and Xun Kuang
"Xunzi" was written by Xun Kuang, a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period. A small part of it was written by his disciples. There are 32 existing articles. Xun Kuang has a broad knowledge of scholars and is more critical than scholars in the past, and he is good at argumentation. Therefore, his essays are long and long, and must be used to the fullest, and then speak freely. The argument is generally clear, the level is clear, the syntax is neat, and the vocabulary is rich. The use of parallel syntax throughout the passage is also a characteristic of Xunzi's prose. The "Encourage Learning Pian" has an endless stream of metaphors. The first half is almost entirely composed of metaphors and overlaps, which has a great impact on later generations.
Xun Kuang (about 313 BC ~ 238 BC), a thinker, educator, and writer of the Warring States Period, he was respected as Xun Qing, a native of Yue Kingdom (now Anze County, Shanxi Province). Xun Kuang was a Confucian master after Confucius and Mencius, and the largest representative of the Confucian school in the late Warring States period. Once you have traveled to Chu, Chun Shen Jun thought that the Lanling Order. Chun Shenjun died, Xun Qing was abandoned, he settled in Lanling, wrote tens of thousands of words and died. There are many significant differences between the Confucianism of Xun Qing and the Confucianism of Meng Ke. Respect the king's way, promote the talents, be the same as Mencius, and dominate at the same time, the queen of law is different from Mencius. Many of his references represent the interests of the emerging landlord class, reflect the demands of the people at that time, and have a materialist viewpoint.
(2) Background information of the era
During the Warring States period, the slave system further collapsed, the feudal system gradually formed, and history experienced epoch-making changes. From different standpoints and perspectives, many thinkers expressed different opinions on the social changes at that time, and gradually formed different schools of Mohism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism, which were called "Hundred Scholars" in history. A hundred schools of thought have written books, publicizing their own ideas and criticizing others, and a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending" has appeared. The important representatives of Confucianism during the Warring States Period were Mencius and Xunzi. Mencius preached the idea of "the one who works hard to rule people, and the one who works to rule others" in defense of the ruling class, while Xunzi believes that manpower can conquer nature and should use nature to serve mankind. His disciples Han Fei and Li Si became important representatives of Legalists in the late Warring States period.
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