Q: How to use PQ4R method to study?
A:
My own perception: Combining my own situation: digitizing the book
The first step: Preview
Scan it quickly in mn3, have an understanding of this chapter, and determine what you will learn
Step 2: Ask questions
Combining the content, subtitle, introduction, summary, etc. you just scanned, ask yourself a question to make a mn3 card (5W2H: what: what? when: when? who: who? where: where? why: Why? how: how to do it? how much: how much)
Step 3: Reading materials (this step is mainly reading)
The emphasis is on understanding and highlighting. Read with questions and try to answer the questions just now. Be sure to use your own words, Feynman techniques
Step 4: Reflect on the material (this step is mainly thinking)
Connect with existing knowledge and context
Step 5: Recite
Review and recite the organized materials, then export anki and Evernote
Step 6: Review
Review regularly in anki
The above is changed based on PQ4R and my own situation. I mainly read e-books. There are too many books in an ipad, and the paper books are given away.
Below the dividing line is an article taken from the official account "Learning Hacker". Welcome everyone to follow this great god
Before continuing to read, please make sure you have memorized this series of keywords-"preview, ask questions, read, think, review, recite".
The PQ4R method is suitable for purposeful reading and learning. If you hope that what you have learned will help your life and study, you might as well choose an official account article to try after reading it.
The PQ4R method follows the following guidelines:
The first step: Preview, browse through the material quickly, have a general understanding of its basic framework, major themes and sub-topics, pay attention to the headlines and subheadings, and determine what you will read and learn.
Why do you want to preview it? Many people are very easy to fall into the details of reading, and quick reading can not only get a preliminary understanding of the content to be read, but also help them choose. For example, if you have a preview before reading this article carefully, and you find that it is no different from what you have seen before, you can stop reading it early. If you don't wait until you finish reading it, you find that it took time for nothing.
Step 2: Ask questions. Before reading, ask yourself questions. According to the title, use special question words to ask questions, that is, who, what, why, where, etc.
These elements are not necessary and can be selected according to the actual content. Why ask? What everyone can think of is that only when you have a question can you have an answer, and you can gain something after reading it. Of course, but in addition, there is a big advantage that helps you concentrate, which directly improves the efficiency of learning.
Step 3: Read the material. Don’t write a lot of reading notes, try to answer the questions you asked before reading.
Writing reading notes directly is often a matter of copying a lot of information that you know or meaningless, but you don’t feel relieved if you don’t write it. You might as well let go of your insecurities and just answer your questions first, don't worry about missing something, this is good enough compared to your fruitless reading.
Step 4: Reflect on the material and try to understand and explain what you have learned in the following ways. ① Connect with known things, ② Connect each sub-theme in the text with basic concepts or principles, ③ Try to solve the contradiction in the presented information, ④ Try to use the material itself to solve the problem it shows .
"Establishing connections" here is much richer than common sense in everyone's impression. It is not only to establish connections with the information you already know, but also to establish connections within the article, such as what the context is. Not only accept, but also challenge the material you are reading to see if there is any contradiction in its narrative. In addition to throwing out problems, you have to solve the problems you have raised yourself. You can use your own knowledge or the information provided by the material itself to solve the problems. The latter expands the knowledge outside of itself, so it is more constructive significance.
Step 5: Recite, and practice memorizing information by stating the main point aloud, asking and answering questions, etc.
Step 6: Review, actively review, concentrate, ask yourself questions, and only re-read the material when you cannot confirm the answer.
The last two steps need to be carried out by borrowing Anki. Save the new knowledge you have obtained in Anki, and then review it several times at intervals.
Often we either close it directly after gaining new knowledge, or repost the matter, or save it for reading. These are not what we could do. If we hope that the useful information we have read will become the basis for our own decision-making and the focus of our own thinking in the future, we should avoid the dilemma of "reposting is to pass, and collection is to hide in snow". Recitation and review through Anki are expected to bring changes.
The last two steps are different. When you recite, you are required to remember them at the time. Review helps you not forget them later. Many people just recite them at the time and then forget them. When should I review it? My experience is that if you can blurt it out in your life, or even take the initiative to use it twice, you don’t need to review it again, because it has become a part of you.
Before writing this article, I kept reminding myself that I must not fall into the situation of sharing what I see, but I must use it for a while before sharing it. After half a month of deliberate practice, it proved to be very effective, so I recommend it to everyone.
Even if you have tried many learning methods to no avail, don't give up trying new methods. I once shared a "post-it method" in my blog, which is to write a small habit that I have to develop during this period on a post-it, and post it in a prominent position that can be seen in work and study. In this way, you may not be able to practice all the time, and you may not be able to persist for 21 days without giving up, but you can consciously practice it every time you see it, and you can develop a small habit without knowing it.
Remember to "preview, ask questions, read, think, review, and recite", and then pick an article in your collection and start practicing!