Nginx website service (access status statistics, access control based on authorization and client, virtual host access based on domain name, port, and IP)

Preface

• Among various web server software, in addition to Apache HTTP Server, there is also a lightweight HTTP server software—Nginx. Its stable and efficient features are gradually recognized by more and more users.
• It will be the source code to BSD license issued in the form, because of its stability, rich feature set, simple configuration files and low system resource consumption and famous
• Its characteristics are: less memory and strong concurrency
• In Mainland China, users of nginx websites include: Baidu, JD , Sina , Netease , Tencent , Taobao, etc.

One: Nginx service foundation

1.1: Overview of Nginx

• A high-performance, lightweight web service software

  ●High stability

  ●Low system resource consumption

  ●High processing capacity for concurrent HTTP connections

  ●A single physical server can support 30 000 ~ 50000 concurrent requests

  ●Occupy less memory and strong concurrency

1.2: Nginx compilation and installation

Installation Environment

CentOs 7.6 Nginx 1.15

• Install support software

[root@localhost opt]# iptables -F
[root@localhost opt]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir LNMP
[root@localhost opt]# cd LNMP/
#把包移到opt目录中
[root@localhost LNMP]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@localhost LNMP]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip    nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost LNMP]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt

• Installation environment dependent packages

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel 

• Create users and groups for management

-M：不创建家目录  -s：用于登录shell
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# id nginx
uid=1001(nginx) gid=1001(nginx) 组=1001(nginx)

• Compile and install

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls
auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./con
conf/      configure  contrib/   
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \                 #设置安装路径
> --user=nginx \                              #运行用户和组设为nginx
> --group=nginx \
> --with-http_stub_status_module             #启动模块来支持状态统计
#编译
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install

1. Path optimization

• In order to make the operation of the Nginx server more convenient, you can create a soft link file for the main program nginx, so that the administrator can call the main program of Nginx by executing the "nginx" command

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls /usr/local/bin/
nginx
#测试语法是否正确
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
##查看主配置文件
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
client_body_temp  html        sbin
conf              logs        scgi_temp
fastcgi_temp      proxy_temp  uwsgi_temp
[root@localhost nginx]# cd conf/
#nginx.conf就是主配置文件
[root@localhost conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf            nginx.conf
fastcgi.conf.default    nginx.conf.default
fastcgi_params          scgi_params
fastcgi_params.default  scgi_params.default
koi-utf                 uwsgi_params
koi-win                 uwsgi_params.default
mime.types              win-utf
mime.types.default
#html是主页文件
[root@localhost conf]# cd ..
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
client_body_temp  html        sbin
conf              logs        scgi_temp
fastcgi_temp      proxy_temp  uwsgi_temp
[root@localhost nginx]# cd html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@localhost html]# netstat -anpt | grep nginx
##服务没有开启

• Start service

• Run Nginx directly to start the Nginx server

[root@localhost html]# nginx
[root@localhost html]# netstat -anpt | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      90530/nginx: master 

• Host visit

• Use pkill to close the process (close all service processes)

[root@localhost html]# pkill nginx
[root@localhost html]# netstat -anpt | grep nginx

• Start, reload configuration, stop Nginx

[root@localhost ~]# nginx	'#启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7180/nginx: master
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install elinks
[root@localhost ~]# elinks http://localhost		3显示"Welcome to nginx!"页面，表明Nginx服务已经正常运行'
[root@localhost ~]# killall -s HUP nginx	#-S选项指定信号种类,HUP信号表示重载配置'
[root@localhost ~]# killall -s QUIT nginx	#QUIT信号表示退出进程

• Nginx added as a system service

[root@localhost ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service		#添加使用systemctl工具进行管理
[Unit]
Description=nginx	#描述
After=network.target	#描述服务类别

[Service]
Type=forking	#后台运行形势
PIDFile =/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid	PID文件位置
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx		启动服务
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -S HUP $MAINPID	根据PID重载配置
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -S QUIT $MAINPID		根据PID终止进程
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

• There is also service tool management

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/inid.d		添加使用service工具进行管理
[root@localhost init.d]# ls
[root@localhost init.d]# vim nginx
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
  start)
   $PROG
   ;;
  stop)
   kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
  reload)
   kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  *)
  		echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
  		exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --level 35 nginx on

Two: Configure the statistics page

[root@localhost init.d]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
####添加下面的图片内容

#在重启服务
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start
[root@localhost init.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      90311/nginx: master 

• Go to host test
• Refresh will make statistics
  
  

Three: configure virtual host

3.1: Nginx virtual host application

• There are three types of virtual hosts supported by Nginx

  ●Virtual hosting based on domain name

  ●IP-based virtual host

  ●Port-based virtual host

• Through the "server{}" configuration section

3.2: Virtual Web Hosting Based on Domain Name

• Prepare website directory and test files

[root@localhost init.d]# cd /var/
[root@localhost var]# ls
account  crash  games     lib    log   opt       spool   yp
adm      db     gopher    local  mail  preserve  target
cache    empty  kerberos  lock   nis   run       tmp
[root@localhost var]# mkdir www
[root@localhost var]# cd www/
#新建两个站点
[root@localhost www]# mkdir shuai mei
[root@localhost www]# ls
mei  shuai
[root@localhost www]# cd shuai/
[root@localhost shuai]# vim index.html
#添加以下内容
<h1>hell</h1>
[root@localhost shuai]# cd ../
[root@localhost www]# ls mei/
[root@localhost mei]# vim index.html
#添加网页内容
<h1>this is mei web</h1>

#下载tree
[root@localhost www]# yum -y install tree
[root@localhost www]# tree ./
./
├── mei
│   └── index.html
└── shuai
    └── index.html

2 directories, 2 files

#Configure domain name resolution

[root@localhost www]# vim /etc/named.conf

#Area configuration

Configure area data

[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost abc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim abc.com.zone 

[root@localhost named]# cp -p abc.com.zone ab.com.zone
#重启服务
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named

• Modify the configuration file

[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

server {
    
    
       server_name www.shuai.com;
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shuai;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }
    server {
    
    
       server_name www.shi.com;
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shi;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }

• Restart service

[root@localhost named]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost named]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost named]# service nginx start

• Client test

3.3: Port-based virtual web host

• Configuration steps

• Modify the configuration file

[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

server {
    
    
       server_name 20.0.0.41:8080;     ## 将域名修改为IP地址+端口
       listen 20.0.0.41:8080;          ## 增加这一行，内容为IP地址+监听端口
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shuai;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }
    server {
    
    
       server_name 20.0.0.41:80;      ## 同上
       listen 20.0.0.41:80;           ## 同上
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shi;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }

3.4: IP-based virtual host configuration

• Add a network card and configure an IP address (20.0.0.50)

Edit nginx configuration file

[root@localhost /]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf    ## 编辑配置文件

server {
    
    
       server_name 20.0.0.41:80;     ## IP地址+80端口
       listen 20.0.0.41:80;          ## IP地址+80端口
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shuai;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }
    server {
    
    
       server_name 20.0.0.50:80;     ## 另一个IP地址+80端口
       listen 20.0.0.50:80;          ## 另一个IP地址+监听端口80
       location / {
    
    
         root /var/www/shi;
         index index.html index.php;
       }
    }

Four: Nginx access control

4.1: Authorization-based access control

• The configuration steps are basically the same as Apache

  ●Generate user password authentication file

  ●Modify the main configuration file to the corresponding directory, add authentication configuration items

  ●Restart service, access test

• Generate user password authentication file

[root@localhost shuai]# yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost shuai]# which htpasswd
/usr/bin/htpasswd
#创建用户
[root@localhost shuai]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db liu
New password:                           #输入密码
Re-type new password:                   #再次输入密码
Adding password for user liu
#把账户树组变为nginx
[root@localhost shuai]# chown nginx /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db 
#设置权限
[root@localhost shuai]# chmod 400 /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db 

• Modify the main configuration file to the corresponding directory, add authentication configuration items

[root@localhost shuai]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

##验证语法
[root@localhost shuai]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
#关闭服务在开启
[root@localhost shuai]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost shuai]# service nginx start

Client test

4.2: Client-based access control

• Determine whether to allow access to the page through the client IP address

• Configuration rules

  deny IP/IP segment: deny client access to a certain IP or IP segment

  allow IP/IP segment: Allow client access of a certain IP or IP segment

  The rule is executed from top to bottom, if it matches, it will stop and no longer match

• Configuration steps

  • Modify the main configuration file nginx.conf and add corresponding configuration items

[root@localhost shuai]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf