Gain 1: Confirm the error
Confirmation error means that if you have begun to believe in something, then you will actively seek out information that can enhance this belief, even disregarding the facts. Once we have a certain prejudice, we cannot change our minds .
In many cases, people only want to believe in what they believe. Once someone disagrees with them, they will feel that others are wrong and they will always be right. This kind of thinking will hinder people's progress.
So when you encounter disagreements, don't rush to refute, see if the other person is right, and if there is anything worth learning, you can also think about why he thinks that way. Even if he is really wrong, there is no need to argue with him, because he only believes in what he believes.
Gain 2: Response to the room effect
If everyone only accepts information that conforms to their own views, or even communicates only with like-minded people, then an "echo chamber effect" will be formed. People's ideas will become more and more extreme.
The core suggestion to solve this problem is to actively and deliberately consume and absorb new information that may modify our ideas, rather than absorbing the affirmation of our existing ideas .
Professor Zeng Shiqiang once said that one of the rules of interpersonal communication is five-party friendship, which means that you have to learn to deal with different people more, and you can’t just communicate with your own like-minded people all the time. This will only make your thinking more and more narrow. It is easy to become a frog at the bottom of the well.
Gain 3: Understanding random probability
Random probability tells us that if your statistical sample is not large enough, you can't explain anything. That's why we can't just make judgments about things based on our own experience, even with the experience of family and friends. Our experience is very limited. We can't just look at individual cases, we have to look at large-scale statistics .
A logical mistake we often make is to judge the whole thing based on only a part of it . For example, when some columnists hear about two or three negative news, they dare to write articles that criticize society for nothing. Such people are very ignorant.
So, one of the biggest benefits of understanding random phenomena is that you won't make a fuss easily anymore.
Gain 4: Self-control
The author believes that there is only one quality that can really influence performance, and that is self-control.
Self-control refers to being able to control oneself, go to class when it is time to go, write homework when it is time to do homework, and do the right thing at the right time.
In the workplace, people with strong self-control will also be more popular, because they not only do a good job, they are better at controlling their emotions, they can think from the perspective of others, and they are less prone to psychological problems such as paranoia and depression. .
Research shows that self-control requires willpower. Willpower is actually a physiological function. It needs energy every time you use it, just like a human muscle, and it will get tired if you use it too much. And willpower is a limited resource, and it can’t be used here. Making choices consumes willpower, and wool also requires willpower.
How to improve willpower?
The chicken soup suggestions or some positive energy videos that we usually watch are essentially self-suggestion methods to regulate emotions, which actually have no effect on improving willpower.
The really effective way is "changlizhi". Willpower is a universal resource, so you can improve willpower by doing small daily things, and then use it for other things. An effective practice method is: do what you are not used to . For example, if you are used to using your right hand, you can use your left hand consciously and so on.
Gain 5: deliberate practice
Deliberate practice is a commonplace question, and 10,000-hour theory is also based on deliberate practice.
Deliberately practice four steps:
- Practice only in the study area. Doing things in the comfort zone is called life, and doing things in the learning zone is called practice. The key to continuous improvement is to continue to do things in the learning zone.
- Keep repeating and repeating on specific exercises, focusing on the basics, and then practicing, not just looking at theoretical knowledge.
- Get feedback anytime. There must be feedback. In many cases, people overestimate their own knowledge. We think we know, but we don’t. For example, a student has read the textbook many times, and every time he reads it, he feels that he understands it, but once he takes the exam, he realizes that he doesn't really understand it. In fact, reading a book many times just makes us familiar with this thing, and being familiar does not mean understanding. The only way to truly understand is to take exams and quizzes. This efficient learning method is also called retrieval learning.
- Only when time is spent on deliberate practice, the total practice time is meaningful.
Gain 6: Ways to surf the Internet efficiently
We spend a lot of time every day browsing some fragmented information on the Internet. A lot of information is actually meaningless, but we still waste a lot of time on it. So we need an efficient way to surf the Internet, which not only saves our time, but also allows us to pick out truly meaningful information.
The following is the methodology.
The first step: flip through
The first thing we do is not to read the news, but to select the news . The key to efficiency is centralized processing. We used to read one article and then read the next one, and read one by one. That was a wrong approach.
The correct approach is to choose a concentrated time to watch the news. After opening a webpage, browse the headlines of all the news and click on the ones you are interested in. The advantage of this point is that the articles in the point will be opened in a new tab, so we don’t have to leave the current main page.
Note: This step is to just click and not read until you have clicked all the articles you want to read.
The biggest advantage of concentration is to allow news articles to compete with each other, so that good articles are easy to stand out, and bad articles are difficult to get clicks due to accidental factors.
Step 2: Skimming
After you have selected more than a dozen news items to read, quickly browse the contents one by one, give each news a very short period of time, scan it once, and then close it quickly.
This step must be the pursuit of faster, see the article worth reading carefully read also first rate, but to temporarily hold down to, for example, can be saved to a micro-channel or Evernote.
After completing the skimming step, most of the chicken rib information can be processed. The advantage of preservation is that good articles have a chance to be read twice to deepen the impression.
Step 3: Intensive reading
The articles that can enter this step are already very limited, only a few articles per day. Read them carefully in free time. Once you find that the content is really good enough that you must save the program forever, use Evernote to save it for easy searching in the future.
Long-term use of this method can also improve a person's reading taste.
We must understand one thing: **We have no obligation to read any article, even if it is an article that we paid to subscribe to, if you click it, you can afford it. The author of the article should be grateful. **So there is no need to regret for fear of missing some information.
Lesson 7: Weak connection
The research found that the really useful relationship is not the “strong ties” often seen with friends and family, but the “weak ties”. Weak ties are those old classmates or colleagues you don’t often meet and contact, or people you don’t even know. Their common feature is that they are not in your current social circle.
One reason for this phenomenon is that the group of people who have been with you all day are likely to do similar things to you, and they must have similar ideas. So only "weak connections" can tell you something you don't know.
The real meaning of weak ties is to connect different social circles and provide you with useful information from outside the circle. According to the weak connection theory, how many opportunities a person has in society is closely related to his social network structure. If you only interact with relatives and friends, or if you know people with similar backgrounds, then you probably don't have as many opportunities as those who know everyone. The key to networking is not which circle you are in, but how many outsiders you can reach.
Therefore, the essence of weak connections is not personal connections, but information transmission. So we should all avoid getting stuck in mature strong ties, and you should go out and pursue weak ties.