A more elegant way to write complex judgments in JavaScript

Summary: Writing code is an art.

Original: A more elegant way to write complex judgments in JavaScript
Author: Think.

Fundebug is authorized to reprint, and the copyright belongs to the original author.

premise

When we write js code, we often encounter complex logic judgments. Usually, you can use if/else or switch to realize multiple condition judgments, but this will have a problem. As the logic complexity increases, the if/ Else/switch will become more and more bloated and unintelligible, so how to write judgment logic more elegantly, this article will take you to try.

for example

First look at a piece of code

/** 
 * Button click event 
 * @param {number} status Activity status: 1 group in progress 2 group failed to start 3 product sold out 4 group successfully opened 5 system canceled 
 */ 
const onButtonClick = (status)=>{ 
  if( status == 1){ 
    sendLog('processing') 
    jumpTo('IndexPage') 
  }else if(status == 2){ 
    sendLog('fail') 
    jumpTo('FailPage') 
  }else if(status == 3){ 
    sendLog('fail') 
    jumpTo('FailPage') 
  }else if(status == 4){ 
    sendLog('success') 
    jumpTo('SuccessPage') 
  }else if(status == 5){ 
    sendLog('cancel') 
    jumpTo('CancelPage') 
  }else { 
    sendLog('other')
    jumpTo('Index')
  }
}

You can see the click logic of this button through the code: do two things according to different activity states, send log buried points and jump to the corresponding page, you can easily propose a rewrite plan for this code, switch comes out:

/** 
 * Button click event 
 * @param {number} status Activity status: 1 group in progress 2 group failed 3 product sold out 4 group successfully opened 5 system canceled 
 */ 
const onButtonClick = (status)=>{ 
  switch ( status){ 
    case 1: 
      sendLog('processing') 
      jumpTo('IndexPage') 
      break 
    case 2: 
    case 3: 
      sendLog('fail') 
      jumpTo('FailPage') 
      break   
    case 4: 
      sendLog('success') 
      jumpTo(' SuccessPage') 
      break 
    case 5: 
      sendLog('cancel') 
      jumpTo('CancelPage') 
      break 
    default: 
      sendLog('other'))
      jumpTo('Index')
      break
  }
}

Well, this looks much clearer than if/else, and the careful students also found a little trick. When the logic of case 2 and case 3 are the same, the execution statement and break can be omitted, and the case of case 2 will automatically execute the case 3 logic.

At this time, some students will say that there is a simpler way of writing:

const actions = {
  '1': ['processing','IndexPage'],
  '2': ['fail','FailPage'],
  '3': ['fail','FailPage'],
  '4': ['success','SuccessPage'],
  '5': ['cancel','CancelPage'],
  'default': ['other','Index'],
}
/**
 * 按钮点击事件
 * @param {number} status 活动状态：1开团进行中 2开团失败 3 商品售罄 4 开团成功 5 系统取消
 */
const onButtonClick = (status)=>{
  let action = actions[status] || actions['default'],
      logName = action[0],
      pageName = action[1]
  sendLog(logName)
  jumpTo(pageName)
}

上面代码确实看起来更清爽了，这种方法的聪明之处在于：将判断条件作为对象的属性名，将处理逻辑作为对象的属性值，在按钮点击的时候，通过对象属性查找的方式来进行逻辑判断，这种写法特别适合一元条件判断的情况。

是不是还有其他写法呢？有的：

const actions = new Map([
  [1, ['processing','IndexPage']],
  [2, ['fail','FailPage']],
  [3, ['fail','FailPage']],
  [4, ['success','SuccessPage']],
  [5, ['cancel','CancelPage']],
  ['default', ['other','Index']]
])
/**
 * 按钮点击事件
 * @param {number} status 活动状态：1 开团进行中 2 开团失败 3 商品售罄 4 开团成功 5 系统取消
 */
const onButtonClick = (status)=>{
  let action = actions.get(status) || actions.get('default')
  sendLog(action[0])
  jumpTo(action[1])
}

这样写用到了es6里的Map对象，是不是更爽了？Map对象和Object对象有什么区别呢？

一个对象通常都有自己的原型，所以一个对象总有一个”prototype”键。
一个对象的键只能是字符串或者Symbols，但一个Map的键可以是任意值。
你可以通过size属性很容易地得到一个Map的键值对个数，而对象的键值对个数只能手动确认。

我们需要把问题升级一下，以前按钮点击时候只需要判断status，现在还需要判断用户的身份：

/**
 * 按钮点击事件
 * @param {number} status 活动状态：1开团进行中 2开团失败 3 开团成功 4 商品售罄 5 有库存未开团
 * @param {string} identity 身份标识：guest客态 master主态
 */
const onButtonClick = (status,identity)=>{
  if(identity == 'guest'){
    if(status == 1){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 2){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 3){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 4){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 5){
      //do sth
    }else {
      //do sth
    }
  }else if(identity == 'master') {
    if(status == 1){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 2){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 3){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 4){
      //do sth
    }else if(status == 5){
      //do sth
    }else {
      //do sth
    }
  }
}

原谅我不写每个判断里的具体逻辑了，因为代码太冗长了。

原谅我又用了if/else，因为我看到很多人依然在用if/else写这种大段的逻辑判断。

从上面的例子我们可以看到，当你的逻辑升级为二元判断时，你的判断量会加倍，你的代码量也会加倍，这时怎么写更清爽呢？

const actions = new Map([
  ['guest_1', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['guest_2', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['guest_3', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['guest_4', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['guest_5', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['master_1', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['master_2', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['master_3', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['master_4', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['master_5', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  ['default', ()=>{/*do sth*/}],
])

/**javascript
 * 按钮点击事件
 * @param {string} identity 身份标识：guest客态 master主态
 * @param {number} status 活动状态：1 开团进行中 2 开团失败 3 开团成功 4 商品售罄 5 有库存未开团
 */
const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = actions.get(`${identity}_${status}`) || actions.get('default')
  action.call(this)
}

上述代码核心逻辑是：把两个条件拼接成字符串，并通过以条件拼接字符串作为键，以处理函数作为值的Map对象进行查找并执行，这种写法在多元条件判断时候尤其好用。

当然上述代码如果用Object对象来实现也是类似的：

const actions = {
  'guest_1':()=>{/*do sth*/},
  'guest_2':()=>{/*do sth*/},
  //....
}

const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = actions[`${identity}_${status}`] || actions['default']
  action.call(this)
}

如果有些同学觉得把查询条件拼成字符串有点别扭，那还有一种方案，就是用Map对象，以Object对象作为key：

const actions = new Map([
  [{identity:'guest',status:1},()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  [{identity:'guest',status:2},()=>{/*do sth*/}],
  //...
])

const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = [...actions].filter(([key,value])=>(key.identity == identity && key.status == status))
  action.forEach(([key,value])=>value.call(this))
}

是不是又高级了一点点？

这里也看出来Map与Object的区别，Map可以用任何类型的数据作为key。

我们现在再将难度升级一点点，假如guest情况下，status1-4的处理逻辑都一样怎么办，最差的情况是这样：

const actions = new Map([
  [{identity:'guest',status:1},()=>{/* functionA */}],
  [{identity:'guest',status:2},()=>{/* functionA */}],
  [{identity:'guest',status:3},()=>{/* functionA */}],
  [{identity:'guest',status:4},()=>{/* functionA */}],
  [{identity:'guest',status:5},()=>{/* functionB */}],
  //...
])

好一点的写法是将处理逻辑函数进行缓存：

const actions = ()=>{
  const functionA = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  const functionB = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  return new Map([
    [{identity:'guest',status:1},functionA],
    [{identity:'guest',status:2},functionA],
    [{identity:'guest',status:3},functionA],
    [{identity:'guest',status:4},functionA],
    [{identity:'guest',status:5},functionB],
    //...
  ])
}

const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = [...actions()].filter(([key,value])=>(key.identity == identity && key.status == status))
  action.forEach(([key,value])=>value.call(this))
}

这样写已经能满足日常需求了，但认真一点讲，上面重写了4次functionA还是有点不爽，假如判断条件变得特别复杂，比如identity有3种状态，status有10种状态，那你需要定义30条处理逻辑，而往往这些逻辑里面很多都是相同的，这似乎也是笔者不想接受的，那可以这样实现:

const actions = ()=>{
  const functionA = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  const functionB = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  return new Map([
    [/^guest_[1-4]$/,functionA],
    [/^guest_5$/,functionB],
    //...
  ])
}

const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = [...actions()].filter(([key,value])=>(key.test(`${identity}_${status}`)))
  action.forEach(([key,value])=>value.call(this))
}

这里Map的优势更加凸显，可以用正则类型作为key了，这样就有了无限可能，假如需求变成，凡是guest情况都要发送一个日志埋点，不同status情况也需要单独的逻辑处理，那我们可以这样写:

const actions = ()=>{
  const functionA = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  const functionB = ()=>{/*do sth*/}
  const functionC = ()=>{/*send log*/}
  return new Map([
    [/^guest_[1-4]$/,functionA],
    [/^guest_5$/,functionB],
    [/^guest_.*$/,functionC],
    //...
  ])
}

const onButtonClick = (identity,status)=>{
  let action = [...actions()].filter(([key,value])=>(key.test(`${identity}_${status}`)))
  action.forEach(([key,value])=>value.call(this))
}

也就是说利用数组循环的特性，符合正则条件的逻辑都会被执行，那就可以同时执行公共逻辑和单独逻辑，因为正则的存在，你可以打开想象力解锁更多的玩法，本文就不赘述了。

总结

本文已经教你了8种逻辑判断写法，包括：

if/else
switch
一元判断时：存到Object里
一元判断时：存到Map里
多元判断时：将condition拼接成字符串存到Object里
多元判断时：将condition拼接成字符串存到Map里
多元判断时：将condition存为Object存到Map里
多元判断时：将condition写作正则存到Map里

至此，本文也将告一段落，愿你未来的人生里，不只是有if/else/switch。

Multiple writing methods for judgment in javascript

A more elegant way to write complex judgments in JavaScript

premise

for example

总结

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