2. Design plan
(1) Overall architecture and platform design
The Internet of Things equipment provides a variety of weather, moisture, and video information, all of which are connected to the Baolin Village Agricultural Internet of Things data collection and monitoring platform in the system. The entire system is based on the cloud and provides powerful data processing and analysis capabilities for different terminals to access .
1.1 User layer
1.2 Device layer
The above picture can be divided into:
Perception layer: Consists of weather station, gateway system, monitoring system, GPRS, etc., to realize the comprehensive perception of agricultural production process information, which is the basis for process automatic control and food traceability.
Transmission layer: to achieve reliable transmission of information, the sensing layer collects information and transmits it to the control layer through the transmission layer
Control layer: composed of mobile phones, controllers, control equipment and control terminals;
Analyze the intelligent control process of the Internet of Things agricultural production and the structural characteristics of the Internet of Things, the intelligent control structure is shown in the figure below.
(1) IoT perception layer
The main task of the perception layer is to complete the rapid and accurate collection and transmission of various information, and to provide a scientific basis for intelligent decision-making. The detection information of the perception layer varies greatly with the detection occasions and requirements. For the crop planting environment, the environmental factors that need to be detected generally include air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, etc. The sensing node is the basic functional unit of the sensing layer. A large number of sensing nodes form a seamless sensing network to realize the comprehensive perception of information, and realize the transmission or convergence of information within a certain range through wireless transmission. Functions and characteristics of sensing nodes: sensing nodes have more sensitive and comprehensive sensing capabilities, can fully perceive and recognize objects, and collect and capture richer information; multiple sensing nodes can easily form a sensing network; sensing nodes can sense information at the same time Perceived information can be transmitted step by step.
(2) The transmission layer of the Internet of Things
The transport layer mainly completes the reliable transmission of information. Due to the complexity and diversity of the agricultural production environment, the diversity of information transmission forms is determined. The transmission network structure needs to choose a flexible structure form according to the scene situation, generally adopts the multi-path transmission mode of multi-input and multi-output. The transmission node is the basic structural unit of the transmission layer. In addition to the information input and output forwarding function, the transmission node also needs to have the information temporary storage function. Functions and characteristics of transmission nodes: to achieve reliable transmission of detection information and control commands; multiple transmission nodes can cooperate to achieve information skipping; it can be combined with GPRS to achieve long-distance transmission; it can facilitate the transmission of aggregated information to the upper PC.
(3) IoT intelligent processing layer
The control layer realizes automatic control of agricultural production field equipment based on the analysis of comprehensive perception information. Different agricultural production sites need to achieve different control functions, and the corresponding control equipment varies greatly. Generally speaking, the control layer is mainly composed of control systems, control equipment, computer terminals, and mobile phones. Although there are many types of control equipment, they can be divided into analog control equipment and digital control equipment and control equipment with both analog and digital control. The equipment control can be directly controlled by the control system, or manually controlled by the control system, or remotely controlled by a computer terminal, or controlled by equipment such as a mobile terminal.
(4) Smart warehousing, smart logistics
It consists of three-dimensional racks, tracked roadway stackers, in and out conveyor systems, shuttle cars, robots, AGV trolleys, size detection barcode reading systems, communication systems, automatic control systems, computer monitoring systems (WCS), computer management systems (WMS) ) And other complex automated logistics systems composed of auxiliary equipment such as wire and cable bridge distribution cabinets, pallets, adjustment platforms, and steel structure platforms. Using the first-class integrated logistics concept, using advanced control, bus, communication (wireless, infrared, etc.) and information technology (RFID, etc.), through the coordination and linkage of the above equipment, the automatic storage and exit operations are controlled by the computer, which can be realized automatically Receiving, grouping, warehousing, outgoing, picking, inventory maintenance, delivery, inventory statistics and alarm, report generation and other functions.
(2) Big data collection, storage and analysis platform
2.1 Data collection
Data collection adopts the form of window service, which will collect manually uploaded data, automatically collect data, and terminal historical data.
Automatic collection
Scientifically assemble various sensors such as meteorology, soil and groundwater, develop a ground-air sensor cluster, build an intelligent perception system for environmental information during crop growth, collect and transmit various data in real time, and provide all-weather data analysis, monitoring and early warning, and decision-making services , Three-dimensional data support.
historical data
For the natural, economic, and social factor data and field profile, soil moisture, fertilization, irrigation, management and other historical data required in the process of food production, it will be collected from relevant departments of the local government, enterprises and individuals responsible for demonstration areas, and entered after analysis. The database, together with other collected data, serves as the data basis for forecasting and early warning.
Remote sensing data
Through remote sensing technology, the area, landform, soil, water conservancy, vegetation and other information in the project area are extracted, judged, processed, quickly monitored and evaluated for disaster information such as drought, diseases and insect pests, and estimated regional crop yields, which provides quantitative analysis and analysis of food Forecast and early warning provide information and provide a basis for grasping the progress of the project.
2.2 Data analysis
Construct a reasonable data application model through automatic/semi-automatic extraction, classification, clustering, association, topic monitoring, and topic focusing of massive, multi-dimensional, multi-source, offline and real-time data. The analysis content includes real-time data analysis of the Internet of Things, statistical analysis of the Internet of Things data, and soil moisture.
IoT real-time data analysis
Used for real-time display of Internet of Things data, such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, etc.
Statistical analysis of IoT data
Track and count the data generated by the device
Monitoring and warning
For example, dry hot wind early warning, through analysis and sampling, the establishment of air temperature, air humidity and wind speed models. To provide early warning of dry and hot wind in the current area.
(3) IoT data collection and monitoring platform
This system is located in the application layer, which is convenient for users to operate and monitor. It can display the collected data information online in real time. The PC terminal can perform functions such as system equipment detection, data analysis, file management, and system configuration. Through APP users can carry out remote control, monitoring equipment operating status and alarm information anytime and anywhere.
The data collection and monitoring platform of the Smart Agriculture Internet of Things adopts the current mainstream technology framework, and the front end adopts a responsive UI design. The back-end uses a distributed architecture model.
The whole system is divided into the following systems:
3.1 Data collection part
Adopting windows service form, providing equipment access required by the Internet of Things, real-time monitoring of equipment status, real-time monitoring and collection of production site environmental data
3.2 Monitoring system part
Using the B/S format, users can use the browser to intelligently alert the environment or equipment abnormalities, remotely or intelligently control irrigation, view historical records, report data, etc.
The main systems are as follows:
3.2.1 Equipment monitoring
Equipment monitoring mainly remotely controls terminals such as smart gateways, smart moisture meters, smart valves, etc., such as remote switching of pumps and remote recharging.
(1) Real-time monitoring
(2) Automatic irrigation
(3) Operation and maintenance management
Monitoring the operating status of the terminal
3.2.2 Data analysis
Record the historical data of the terminal and perform report analysis.
(1) Detailed query
Mainly query the historical data of the terminal.
(2) Report analysis
Average moisture report
Average water pressure report
Air humidity report
3.2.3 File management
(1) Organizational structure
Manage basic information of counties and villages
(2) Basic information
Basic management terminal information
3.2.4 Device management
(1) Parameter setting
Set the basic parameters of the smart gateway, smart valve, and smart moisture meter.
3.2.5 System Maintenance
(1) Authority setting
The authority of the operator is mainly set according to the role and area.
(2) System settings
Set up WCF and view logs
3.3 Agricultural product quality traceability system
The agricultural product quality and safety traceability system solution uses QR code and RFID radio frequency technology to collect and upload the agricultural product quality and safety data from the growth to the sale of agricultural products in a timely manner to provide consumers with timely agricultural product quality and safety traceability query services. Agriculture and animal husbandry departments provide effective agricultural product quality and safety supervision and management mechanisms and methods.
3.3.1. System flow
(System flow chart)
(Flowchart of traceability inquiry of agricultural product quality and safety)
3.3.2. Application function module
(1) Material management
supplier management
(2) Production control management
process control
alarm mechanism
electronic kanban
(3) Warehousing management
validity period management
first-in first-out mechanism
(4) Shipping management
transportation settlement
(5) Customer management and
customer care
(6) Comprehensive inquiry and
traceability of
product flow
3.3.3. Technical Principle
(1) Introduction to the principle of lemon quality traceability system
The lemon traceability system function refers to obtaining the source of lemons from consumers to the orchard. In order to ensure the safety and pollution-free of lemons, establish a traceability system from the orchard to the consumer, integrate and apply electronic tags, barcodes, sensor networks, mobile communication networks and computer networks and other agricultural products and food traceability systems, which can realize product and food quality tracking , Traceability and visual digital management, intelligent monitoring of the entire process of products from field to table, from production to sales, can realize the digital logistics of products and food, and also greatly improve the quality of agricultural products and food.
Seedling period: The quality and safety traceability system of agricultural products is deeply integrated with the intelligent environmental monitoring system of agricultural greenhouses. After the crops grow seedlings in the greenhouse, select representative crops (no less than 3 plants) in the greenhouse, and hang the electronic label on the On crop seedlings, and install wireless RFID reading and writing equipment in the greenhouse, the agricultural greenhouse intelligent environment monitoring system will periodically (such as every other week) save the collected environmental data to the electronic tag through the RFID reading and writing equipment;
Growth period: When the operator fertilizes, sprays pesticides, and irrigates crops through the agricultural greenhouse monitoring system, the system automatically records the operating information, and actively sends the information to the electronic tag for storage through the RFID read-write device, and the system hosts Due to manual entry of offline operations;
Initial processing: When the crop is mature and mature, the operator will perform initial processing. The processing personnel will automatically record the time of initial processing and the operator through the RFID scanning device, and save it in the RFID electronic tag;
Detection of pesticide residues: After the initial processing is completed, the inspectors will conduct corresponding pesticide residue inspections on vegetable crops (random sampling of a batch). After the inspection, the inspectors will save the inspection information to the system;
Logistics information: When transporting crops and vegetables, the RFID tag needs to be recovered and the information is reset (reused). The system automatically generates a QR code, which is printed by a printer and attached to the greenhouse batch of crops. The system generates two At the same time of dimension code, it will automatically bind the recorded growth environment data, detected pesticide residue information, and preliminary processing information with the QR code. The logistics information system administrator can manually maintain the logistics time, and can also use the mobile terminal application or scan The gun realizes the collection of logistics start time and arrival time;
Consumer scanning: The generated QR code is affixed to the packaging of vegetables. Consumers can scan directly through the mobile phone QR code program (universal), and the mobile phone will display detailed traceability information of the vegetable, including growth environment data and pesticide residue detection information Wait.
(2) Introduction to the principle of black pig quality traceability system
The black pig traceability system function refers to obtaining the source of black pig or pork from the consumer to the pig farm. In order to ensure the safety of pork, the establishment of a traceability system from the pig farm to the consumer's table is necessary in the near future and is also a basic requirement of the Food Safety Law. In order to further improve the quality and safety level of "meat and vegetables" in supermarkets, the Food and Drug Administration Branch aims to control the source of food safety by cultivating a group of "safe meat and vegetable supermarkets", strengthen the control of food production areas, and realize the three "three food safety" standards. Rest assured", let the food from the field to the table, the whole source can be traced, to ensure that the people eat safely and eat at ease!
How to monitor the circulation of pork?
Using the pork circulation traceability system, after entering the traceability system, any transaction information in the wholesale and retail links of pork will be recorded and uploaded to the traceability platform.
First of all, the slaughterhouse must carry out strict "card transactions". At the inspection point of the slaughterhouse, every truck opened by a black pig farmer must record the quarantine certificate number of the black pig and the slaughter company. At the same time, in the trading area at the other end of the slaughterhouse, after the pork wholesalers have selected the pork, they must also record the QR code generated before payment, and record the weight, price, and wholesaler of the transaction. All these information will be uploaded. The data platform to the traceability system.
In the retail sector, the consumer exhibition only needs to win WeChat and scan the QR code to clearly see the information and circulation process of the lean meat purchased.
Tracking link
Pig farms, slaughter and quarantine or food safety supervision departments find that black pigs or pork have safety risks and need to pass this information to consumers in a timely manner, that is, they need to be traced to consumers from the source, and recall or compensation is required when necessary. As black pigs leave the pig farm and go through multiple links such as slaughter, storage, transportation, and sales, currently traditional voucher and signature methods are generally used, and it is often difficult to achieve full traceability.
In order to achieve full traceability, the management will be further refined. Each black pig or each piece of white pork has an identification code in the system. The management data of each link needs to be accurately associated with the identification code, and the tracking file data is stored safely In the traceability system.
Consumers can inquire about the purchased pork via mobile phones or the Internet. When there is a pork safety risk, the traceability system can promptly trace consumers via mobile phones or the Internet. If consumers do not make inquiries, they can only cover a large area through radio, newspapers or television media, which is obviously lacking in pertinence.
Traceability link
When a “clenbuterol” poisoning event occurs or infectious disease occurs, consumers need to check whether the pork they buy is safe, and the government regulatory authorities need to find the source of sick black pigs or poisonous pork. The node where the incident occurred was traced to the pig farm.
The realization of the black pig traceability system function helps to accurately locate the source and avoid the incident spreading to a larger area and causing greater impact. The traceability and tracing functions complement each other to achieve a full traceability system. If the data in each link of the whole process is chaotic, it will not only affect the traceability, but also affect the traceability.
So what are the advantages of QR code traceability in meat food quality and safety monitoring? It mainly includes the following three aspects:
Consumers: Use your mobile phone to scan the code to view product details anytime, anywhere;
Management agency: Promote consumers to report false information, and effectively improve the monitoring and management of food quality and counterfeit and shoddy products;
Enterprises: Use QR codes to conduct more publicity activities for themselves and their products. Meat products companies can establish a set of food traceability system, and the safety of meat products will be greatly improved.
Pork is an important commodity in the "vegetable basket" and the main source of meat for urban and rural residents. Black pig slaughter management is one of the industries that the country implements strict market access, and it bears the industrial functions and social responsibilities of serving the countryside, satisfying consumption, and ensuring the safety of meat quality. In this regard, governments at all levels have always attached great importance to this work. After years of hard work, a good foundation has been laid for black pig slaughter management and meat quality safety. However, due to the fragmentation of information in the circulation links of pork production, processing, storage, transportation, and sales, it has caused difficulties in meat safety supervision and information tracing. As a result, there are still sick and dead pigs in many parts of the country, and diseased meat is mixed into slaughter and processing, market circulation and The consumption link poses a threat to the health and life safety of the people. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to build a meat quality and safety traceability system.
With such a traceability system, once there is a problem with pork, the root cause of the problem can be found through this “file”. The traceability system is conducive to clarifying responsibilities and can force slaughter companies to provide quality products and protect meat at the root. The quality of production, thereby ensuring food safety.
Pay attention to my technical public account, every working day has high-quality technical article push and electronic version plan download.
Scan the QR code below on WeChat to follow:
