How to achieve the expansion operation of HashMap

By analyzing the source code, we know the operations of expansion or initialization HashMapthrough resize()methods. The following are some simple analysis of the source code:

/**
 * 该函数有2中使用情况：1.初始化哈希表；2.当前数组容量过小，需要扩容
 */
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;// 扩容前的数组（当前数组）
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;// 扩容前的数组容量（数组长度）
    int oldThr = threshold;// 扩容前数组的阈值
    int newCap, newThr = 0;

    if (oldCap > 0) {
        // 针对情况2：若扩容前的数组容量超过最大值，则不再扩容
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        // 针对情况2：若没有超过最大值，就扩容为原来的2倍（左移1位）
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
    }

    // 针对情况1：初始化哈希表（采用指定或者使用默认值的方式）
    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
        newCap = oldThr;
    else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }

    // 计算新的resize上限
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
    Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        // 把每一个bucket都移动到新的bucket中去
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else { // preserve order
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}