Meditation reading must be received, jumping and leaping want to see? Sorry, this article is not designed, will not understand the essence.
table of Contents
2. physical connection to the network
How to distinguish between Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet line line?
3. Establish a local area network
Ping multiple IP addresses at the same time:
1. explain basic concepts
1.1 Ethernet and IP addresses
What is the card? NIC (Network Interface Card, referred to as NIC), also known as network adapters, is a computer and local area network interconnect devices. Whether ordinary or high-end computer servers, as long as connected to the LAN, you will need to install a network card. If necessary, a computer can also be installed at the same time two or more network cards. Card acts as a physical interface or connection between the computer and the network cable, the computer is responsible for converting a digital signal into an electrical or optical signal .
There are a few to see how their computer network card? To the network adapter in Device Manager Here you can view, there are several that few card. The average notebook are: physical card, Bluetooth adapter , wireless network card, virtual adapter, a Bluetooth network module.
What is an IP address? We are now widely used IPv4, which provides the IP address is a 32-bit (binary digit) numeric string. Here are 32 of these 32-bit binary number is 0 and 1. A period of division in English! PC only recognize this! Generally converted to decimal to facilitate people's memories (mostly network administrators) such as 192.168.1.1 is a common IP address!
Summary information: A computer may have multiple network cards , a card corresponding to an IP address .
Checks the local IP address: enter CMD, run ipconfig / all, you can find information in print below the IP address .
1.2 Network Adapter
Network adapters, also known as network cards, the English called "Network Interface Card", referred to as "NIC".
LAN card is one of the basic member, which is connected to the computer and network hardware. Whether twisted pair connections, coaxial cable or fiber optic connection, it must be implemented by means of data communication to the card.
Card operating principle is sent to the data network on the finishing line of a computer, and after the data into appropriately sized packets sent to the network. For cards, each card has a unique network node address , it is the card manufacturer in the production of burned into the ROM (read only memory chip), we called the MAC address (physical address), and to ensure that It will not be repeated.
Card we use every day are the Ethernet card. At present the card to its transmission speed can be divided into 10M card, 10 / 100M and Gigabit Ethernet LAN (1000M) card. If only as a general purpose, such as daily work, etc., and are better suited 10M card 10 / 100M Ethernet LAN networking two kinds. If used in servers and other products, we must choose gigabit network card.
Gateway 1.3
Gateway (Gateway), also known as gateways, protocol converters. As the name implies, Gateway (Gateway) is a network connection to another network 's "gateway." Gateway in the transport layer are interconnected, is the most complex of the internetworking devices, only two different high-level protocol network interconnection .
Gateway is essentially a network IP address leading to other networks. Data format conversion between the two networks rely on the gateway, which is equivalent translator role.
Default Gateway
When we have access to the Internet router, the default gateway address should be set to the computer address of the router LAN interface a reason, because the router's LAN interface is the gateway network in your area, your computer to the Internet, the packet must go through gateway forwarded. Currently home routers usually use 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.0.1 as the address of the LAN interface, the two addresses is the most common gateway address.
Of course, there are also some other intelligent routers will use the IP address as the default gateway, this is mainly the former router vendors factory setting is.
The user can enter the router setup can be modified, the specific method is set into the router, and then select the LAN port is provided, after the right to change the IP default gateway IP address can, as shown in FIG.
1.4 Subnet Mask
Communication substantially in three ways:
-
With their own communication
-
Host communication broadcast domain
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Communication with other hosts broadcast domain
So just to give you an IP address, the ability to distinguish what kind of communication it? Due to the different domains might have the same IP address, so only rely on IP address and can not effectively distinguish.
That is : A village man named Sima Yi people, a man named Sima Yi Village B people, but he can not distinguish between A and B or village by village in the name of Sima Yi.
The subnet mask length is 32 bits Note: wherein represents the network number, number 0 represents the host, and the binary 1 and 0 must be continuous .
And IP address do with the operation , you can get the network number. Is name of the village in the example above Sima Yi is located.
Example 1: For the ip address: 192.168.1.129 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
After the operation, to give
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1000 0001
1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 0000 0000
————————————————————
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.0000 0000
After eight veiled, we do not have to care about it is a 1 or a 0.
This means: No matter how transformation after eight, all in the same network segment.
Changes 8 is in
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.0000 0000
To
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1111 1111
between. It explains from 192.168.1.0 ~ 192.168.1.255 is the same subnet segment. ip address, you can communicate between each other between them.
Example 2: For the ip address: 192.168.1.188 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Operation obtained after
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1011 1100
1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.1110 0000
————————————————————
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1010 0000
After five veiled, we do not have to care about it is a 1 or a 0.
This means: No matter how transformed after five, all on the same network segment.
After five changes in
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1010 0000
To
1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0001.1011 1111
between.
It decimal: 192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 is a new subnet mask carved out of the subnet segment.
1.5 DNS server address
Detailed description see link: https://blog.csdn.net/suifengoc/article/details/98505820
DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a database, which is the association between the IP address and the domain name of the website.
For example: www.baidu.com corresponds ip address is 220.181.38.249
1.6 network speed
Each network port has two green left, the left light that rate 100M, 10M represents the rate of light to the right, both light indicates that the connection device is 1000M.
2. physical connection to the network
Network Interface
Generally parallel and crossover cable sockets are used two kinds of RJ45, connection method.
Specific use, see link:
https://blog.csdn.net/dog0138/article/details/7016351
How to distinguish between Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet line line?
1. See cable jacket
Cable jacket usually printed with the words CAT5, CAT5 E, CAT6, CAT7 and CAT8 etc., corresponding to the type of cable is five lines, over five lines, six lines, eight categories of seven types of lines and line. Among them, Fast Ethernet cable is five lines, over five lines and six lines are Gigabit Ethernet line, the line is seven categories Gigabit network cable, eight categories of line 100G network cable.
2. Using the device to identify
Some non-standard network cable has been aging or wear of the cable, the sheath has not see the above information, this time can be determined by the network device lights. Now many network devices have different indicators for different network speeds. Each network port has two green left, the left light that rate 100M, 10M represents the rate of light to the right, both light indicates that the connection device is 1000M. Of course, switches, network cable, with switch connected devices support 1000M, 1000M This will light . If you do not have gigabit device, this method can never judge.
3. Measurement Method diameter
The above method is relatively more professional, vernier caliper needed to complete the measurement. Five diameter: 0.30mm-0.45mm, UTP wire diameter: 0.48mm-0.51mm, six wire diameter: 0.55mm-0.58mm (middle cross frame), seven types of wire diameter: 0.59mm-0.6mm
3. Establish a local area network
The establishment of local area network for less than 10 computers, use the switch on it. 10 computers are plugged into the switch.
For more than 10 computers and other large enterprises to establish LAN, See link: https://blog.csdn.net/dengzhongmingabc/article/details/81078341
4. File Sharing
Shared folders using SMB protocol, will be affected by the windows disk security, network settings, and firewall settings affect share, introduce the following setup steps.
1. windows shared, there are two strategies: Simple and Advanced Sharing to share the folder right-click menu in the "Share" generally simple sharing, a user interface in the election, set about read and write can get a shared path (the path there may be long). In order to be more flexible and controllable, I prefer advanced sharing.
2. The number of users opening the folder properties page, there is a high share button in the "Sharing" page where you can set the name of the shared folder on the network point to open (you can choose a more appropriate name), while limiting the use of (such as a set, only to one person), click the permissions button to set user permissions (read or write). For convenience, I usually add a Everyone readable (or all) permissions. Can get a complete set format "\\ computer name \ share name \" path, this path tell each other. If during the escape from the "whether to change the current network to a private network", select Yes.
3. Go to the Control Panel, "Network and Sharing Center", click on "Advanced sharing settings" under "private" network, network discovery is enabled, enable file and printer sharing. If the previous network did not switch to "private" option under the "guest or public" network also enabled. In the "All network share", the Public folder sharing is closed (open at risk), choose 128-bit encryption, novice or his thoughts, sure can turn off password protection. (I usually turn off, or he would build a computer management in a special account for the network share to others)
4. If at this time, someone told you can not find this path, even the "\\ Computer Name" can not be found, then the firewall is mischief. Simple approach: turn off the firewall. Advanced practice: Open firewall "permit application or feature through Windows Firewall" page, find the "File and Printer Sharing" in the list, make sure that the hook of this entry is marked.
5. If someone else and you're not a network segment, you need to open the firewall "Advanced Settings" page, select Inbound Rules, right-click "Filtering by Configuration File" select "private", find the "File and Printer Sharing" entry, find "remote address" entry "local subnet", double-click to open, under the "scope" label, the remote IP address to: any IP address, you can determine the save, if not enough, "outbound rules" The same process to do it again.
6. This time, people should be able to open the "\\ computer name", but has reported double-click the folder "insufficient privileges" error, obviously gave everyone permission to read ah when sharing. Because now we are basically windows disk NTFS, also need to go to the property page of the folder, "Security" tab under "Edit", "Add", enter "everyone" to continue to confirm their own authority is expected to continue until carry out.
5.Ping network status
To check the status of the network itself or connected with each other, need to use Ping command in the following format:
Ping command format:
ping ip address or host name [-t] [-a] [-n
count] [-l size] Definition:
-t send data to the target host kept;
-a ip address in a format to display the target host network address;
-n COUNT specifies how many times the ping, the specific number of times specified by the COUNT;
the -l size to specify the size of packets sent to the target host.
Practical examples:
Continuous Query: ping 220.181.38.150 -t (This is the IP address of Baidu, the need to end press ctrl + C)
Ping multiple IP addresses at the same time:
(1) Create a txt file, need to write each IP address to ping
@echo off
ping 192.168.1.1 -n 10
ping 192.168.1.2 -n 10
pause
PS: Inside the ping command and as described earlier, there are many tunable parameters. Here is the address ping10 times each to complete a Ping command to start the next IP address.
(2) modify the document as a bat suffix txt file, double-click to run. End ping an address, it will automatically jump to another address ping.
