1.4 hardware concept entry
The basic functionality of a computer hardware: the input data, output data, processed and stored data.
The relationship is as follows:
- Glossary section :
Input data : information providing apparatus is a computer. Such as keyboard, mouse.
Output Data : The outputs the calculation result to the user or other computer device. Such as a display.
LCD: uncharged or charged liquid polymer to transmitting sheet or to prevent the spread of light.
Passive Matrix Display: LCD technology.
Pixels: minimum unit picture elements. Screen matrix of thousands of pixels is formed.
Integrated circuit (chip): The tens to several millions of transistors connected device.
A central processor unit : a data path and a controller capable of digital addition, the test results.
Data path : the portions of the processor performs arithmetic.
The controller : command instruction data paths, memory, and input and output device section.
Memory : storage space program is running, as well as the need to store runtime data.
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory, in the form of an integrated circuit memory, random access to any memory address.
Cache : small and fast memory. As is generally large and slow cache memory.
Static Random Access Memory: An integrated circuit form of memory.
Instruction set architecture (Architecture): abstract interface between the low-level software and hardware.
Application Binary Interface: The user interface to the operating system plus some instructions called application programmer defines the standard binary level computer portable.
Implementation: Follow architecture abstract hardware.
Volatile memory: data stored only at power up.
The nonvolatile memory: when power can still maintain a data memory for storing operating procedures between, such as DVD.
Main memory: stores a program for running.
Secondary memory: a nonvolatile memory for saving programs and data between the two runs.
Disk : Also called the hard disk.
Memory: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory, the price is higher than the disk faster than the disk.
In addition to the above mentioned components as well as classic an indispensable feature: a computer network.
- Computer Networking
LAN : network transmission data in a certain geographic area (such as a building) used.
WAN : an extended area of hundreds of kilometers to the wide network.