What is the chip
Chip is integrated on a semiconductor integrated circuit, a different chip architecture determines the different functions of the chip, we have a common general-purpose processor chips, also has a dedicated chip.
Below is an overview of Huawei server chips, as there are processors roc中央处理器, as well as integrated in the smart card chip card, as well as additional SSD control chip on the SSD, there are integrated in the intelligent management chip, in addition to specialized artificial intelligence designed to accelerate rising chip.
What is the central processor
Central processing unit (English Central Processing Unit, abbreviations: CPU) is a very large scale integrated circuits, one of the major computer equipment, including controllers, operator, cache memory (Cache) and implementation of data link between them , control and status bus, as shown in FIG.
Classification processor instruction set
instruction set can be understood as an intermediate layer between the physical chip and software that allows programmers to get rid of dependence on hardware in order to achieve decoupling between the chip hardware and programming, at present, the mainstream of instruction set is divided into two categories, namely, CISC and RISC.
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer), is a complex set of instructions. Early CPU are all CISC architecture, it is designed to use the least machine language instructions to complete the required computing tasks. This architecture increases the complexity of the process and requirements of the CPU CPU architecture, but for the development of the compiler is very beneficial.
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), a reduced instruction set. RISC architecture requires software to specify the various steps. This architecture may reduce the complexity of a CPU, and permits the production of a more powerful CPU processes at the same level, but the compiler design have higher requirements.
The following table reflects the difference between the two sets of instructions.
| Comparison items | CISC | RISK |
|---|---|---|
| Instruction set | complex | streamline |
| Storage operations | More complex | Small, simple |
| programming | Efficient programming | Require large memory space, easy to design |
| CPU chip circuit | Powerful, large-area, high power consumption | Small size, low power consumption |
| Applications | Universal machine | Dedicated machine |
Currently CPU instruction set architecture is divided into two camps, a complex instruction set Intel, AMD representatives (CISC), using X86 architecture, the other is ARM, IBM, represented by reduced instruction set (RISC), which the company ARM the ARM architecture, IBM POWER architecture employed in the following table.
| Architecture type | The schema name | The company launched | Out of time | The main licensees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CISC | x86 | Intel、AMD | 1978 | Sea Ray, Katherine core |
| RISK | ARM | ARM | 1985 | Apple, Samsung, etc. |
| RISK | MIPS | MIPS | 1981 | Godson, etc. |
| RISK | POWER | IBM | 1990 | IBM |
Comparison of mainstream computing architecture
The current mainstream data center computing architecture mainly X86, ARM and POWER three kinds:
X86 belong to a closed hardware architecture, Intel and AMD Foreign basically not authorized individual companies in terms of technology evolution direction, rhythm, and other leading supply and control by the However, the ecological application has been very complete.
POWER led by IBM, applications focused on supercomputing and cognitive computing, there is a small application developers, lack of ecological sustainable development ability weak and short board.
ARM is an open hardware architecture, ARM companies to adopt aggressive business strategy to authorize the development of a number of partners to jointly create eco-end ARM, the industry chain also tends to improve.
Moreover, from a technical point of view, the ARM are multi-core, many-core architecture, reduced instruction set, we may face the service features optimized to achieve performance optimization depth.
The following table is a comparison of three mainstream computing architecture:
| X86 | ARM | POWER | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instruction Set | CISC, a complex instruction set | RISC Reduced Instruction Set | RISC Reduced Instruction Set |
| Architecture | Heavy-core architecture, high performance and high power consumption | Multi-core architecture, balanced performance per watt | Heavy-core architecture, high-performance core |
| Ecology | Eco very mature, versatile | Ecology is rapidly developing and complete | Ecological limitations, the focus large minicomputers and HPC |
| Openness | Closed architecture, Intel and AMD leading | Open platform, IP licensing business model | Open platform, IBM led |
Trends Processor
As shown below, the last processor architecture more, in addition to the X86 architecture, ARM these mainstream architecture, there are many other architectures, with the passage of time, and now the structure is relatively mature, architecture and technology have a certain degree of monopoly, gradually formed the three mainstream architecture, POWER, X86 and ARM, then the processor architecture of the future, it will seek a breakthrough multi-directional.
A brief history of the development of the X86 processor
The use of complex instruction set of the Intel X86 architecture is the mainstream product Universal Server, x86 refers to a series based on the Intel 8086 CPU and backward compatible instruction set architecture. The first 8086 introduced in 1978 by Intel, a 16-bit microprocessor. At an early stage such Intel 80x86 processor named digital format, including Intel 8086,80186,80286,80386 80486 and, since the "86" as the end, and therefore its structure is referred to as "the x86." Since the numbers do not as a registered trademark, so Intel and its competitors are using the name can be registered in the new generation of processors, such as Pentium (Pentium), Core (Core), Rui Long (Ryzen, AMD launched).
x86 32-bit architecture in general, also known as IA-32, the full name "Intel Architecture, 32-bit" . Its 64-bit architecture pioneered by the AMD, and is called "AMD64". After also used by Intel, it is called "Intel 64". Generally referred to as "x86-64", "x64". Below is a brief history of the development of x86
What is ARM
Reduced instruction set is represented by ARM's ARM architecture, as technology advances, the ARM architecture, formerly known as Advanced RISC Machine (Advanced RISC Machine, earlier known as Acorn RISC Machine, Acorn RISC Machine), It is a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor family architecture, which is widely used in many embedded system design. ARM general-purpose server architecture has made great progress.
Huawei Kunpeng processor
Huawei proposed roc processor also uses a reduced instruction set compatible ARM ecosystem, aims to meet the diversity of computing and green data center computing requirements, high performance, high-bandwidth, high integration, high performance four characteristics.
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