0, Ansible grammar module
In ansible refers need to quickly execute a command, and the need to save the command, for complex command was playbook
View module helps: ansible-doc -l
// 统计模块数量
$ ansible-doc -l |wc -l
3387 // ansible有大量的模块
Ansible module syntax:
ansible [管理主机信息或者主机组信息] -m [模块名称] -a [相关模块参数]
主机信息:远程主机IP地址;远程主机组名称;远程所有主机all
-m:指定相应模块
-a:利用模块中某些参数功能
-f :定义每次输出内容的数量
Ansible Note Color Information:
Green: the remote node does not make the appropriate changes to the remote node information or just view
Red: abnormal operation execution command
yellow: remote nodes modified accordingly
dark purple: that the orders to issue a warning message ( possible problems and give you tips recommended)
1, Command Module
the role of command module: the default module 在远程主机执行命令
; the default module, can be ignored -m option
// chaidr 先切换到特定的目录,然后在执行命令
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m command -a "chdir=/tmp/ pwd"
// creates 判断一个文件是否存在。文件如果存在,后面命令则不会执行;如果不存在,则执行
[root@m01 /]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m command -a "creates=/etc/rsyncd.conf hostname"
// removes 判断一个文件是否存在。文件如果存在,后面命令执行;如果不存在,则不执行
[root@m01 /]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m command -a "removes=/etc/exports hostname"
// fress_form 使用command模块批量获取执行hostname命令
[root@m01 /]# ansible sa -m command -a "hostname"
The command module can not and shell, like, like $ HOME variable, and some, like "<", ">", "|", ";" and "&" This operation is no way to perform (if you want to support these special symbols on must use shell module) errors demo:
[root@m01 /]# ansible sa -m command -a "hostname;date"
2, Shell module
shell module role: shell module 万能模块
, all functions to meet the command module, and can be 支持识别特殊字符
.
// 在10.4.7.8的机器的当前目录下执行ls和pwd命令
[root@m01 /]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m shell -a "ls;pwd"
3, Scripts module
scripts module effect: 专门运行脚本模块
in the local execution of the script, the script generates all actions are performed on the remote host
// 编写脚本,里面添加yum安装keepalived命令,将脚本执行命令放入到受控端执行
[root@m01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/yum.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum install -y keepalived
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m script -a "/server/scripts/yum.sh"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.8 -m shell -a "rpm -qa keepalived"
Note: The script we execute on the management machine, the distal (controlled terminal) does not require the existence of the script
4, Copy module
copy module role: the files from a local or remote machine 复制到远程机器上
to a location
// 将本端的/etc/hosts文件推送到远端,并且重命名为test.txt
[root@m01 ~]# ansible sa -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/test.txt"
// 本端在/tmp/下创建文件file01.txt,推送到远端
[root@m01 ~]# touch /tmp/file01.txt
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/"
// 为本端的/tmp/file01.txt文件追加内容,并推送到远端,覆盖时备份原文件
[root@m01 ~]# cat /tmp/file01.txt
[root@m01 ~]# echo 123456 >/tmp/file01.txt
[root@m01 ~]# cat /tmp/file01.txt
123456
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes"
// 在/root/下创建test.txt文件,在复制的时候修改属主和属组为root,权限644
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m copy -a "src=/root/test.txt dest=/test/oldboy/ owner=root group=root mode=644"
// 为对端的/tmp/test.txt文件写入内容“1”
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m copy -a "content='1' dest=/tmp/test.txt"
parameter
- backup # 对推送传输过去的文件,进行备份
- src # 推送数据的源文件信息
- dest # 推送数据的目标路径
- content # 直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容
- owner # 将本地文件推送到远端,指定文件属主权限
- group # 将本地文件推送到远端,指定文件属组权限
- mode # 将本地文件推送到远端,指定文件权限信息
5, File module
file module role: the controlled end文件属性修改/目录创建/文件创建
// 为远端主机修改/tmp/file01.txt文件的属主和属组为root,权限为600
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m file -a "path=/tmp/file01.txt owner=root group=root mode=600"
// 为远端主机创建文件和目录,远程创建文件/tmp/file01.txt
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m file -a " path =/tmp/file01.txt state=touch"
// 远程创建目录/tmp/dir01
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m file -a "path =/tmp/dir01 state=directory"
// 递归修改远端主机的/data目录及目录下的所有文件的属主和属组都为root
[root@m01 /]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m file -a "path=/data state=directory owner=root group=root recurse=yes"
Module Parameters
- path # 指定远程主机目录或文件信息
- recurse # 递归授权:
yes # 递归修改权限
no # 不递归修改权限(默认)
- state # 指定需要执行的动作:
directory # 在远端创建目录
touch # 在远端创建文件
hard # 硬链接
link #软链接
6, Yum module
yum action module: controlled terminal can 执行yum安装
, 卸载和查看软件包
like
// yum安装iftop软件包
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=installed"
// 移除iftop软件
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=absent"
// 查看指定软件包名的列表
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m yum -a "list=iftop"
Module Parameters
- name # 执行要安装软件的名称,以及软件的版本
- state # 指定需要执行的动作:
installed、present # 安装软件包
latest # 安装最新软件包
removed、absent # 移除软件包
- list # 指定软件名称,查看软件是否已经安装了
7, Service Module
service module effect: 管理服务状态模块
on the controlled end managed services
// 将远端的crond服务关闭,并且开机不启动
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m service -a "name=crond state=stopped enabled=no"
// 将远端的crond服务开启,并且开机自启动
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
Module Parameters
- name # 指定需要管理的服务名称(管理的服务一定在chkconfig中可以看到)
- state # 指定需要执行的动作:
started # 启动服务
reloaded # 平滑重启
restarted # 重启服务
stopped # 停止服务
running # 运行(启动)服务
- enable # 设置服务是否开机自启动:
yes # 服务开机自启动
no # 服务开机不启动
8, Cron module
cron module effect: a controlled end添加定时任务
x x x x x /bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
The timing of the mission system into the command line syntax ansilbe
traditional wording
"minute=0 hour=0 daay=* month=* weekday=* job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'"
ansible wording (asterisk may be omitted)
ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'"
Timing Example
// 添加一条定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'"
// 设置定时任务注释信息,防止重复设置
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "name='cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'"
// 删除指定的name
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "name='cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1' state=absent"
// 也可以直接指定定时任务项的名称,进行定时任务的删除
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "name='cron02' state=absent"
// 使用 disabled 参数来注释定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "name='cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1' disabled=yes"
// 取消注释
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m cron -a "name='cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1' disabled=no"
Module Parameters
- name # 为新的定时任务条目设置名称(防止定时任务项的重复)
- state # 需要指定的动作:
absent # 添加定时任务
preset # 删除定时任务
- disabled # 是否禁用定时任务(是否注释):
yes # 禁用定时任务项(注释掉)
no # 开启定时任务项(取消注释)
# 该参数需要和job一起使用
- minute # 分钟 0-59
- hour # 小时 0-23
- day # 天数 1-31
- month # 月份 1-12
- weekday # 周 0-6
9, Group module
action module group: it may be the distal end创建用户组
// 创建组,组名为demo,组id为1012
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m group -a "name=demo gid=1012"
Module Parameters
- name # 必须参数,指定创建的组名
- gid # 指定用户的gid
- state
absent # 移除远端主机的组
present # 创建远端主机的组(默认)
10, User Modules
user action module: for the distal end can be 创建用户
, 修改用户
, 删除用户
, etc.
// 创建用户名test,uid为999,组为test,shell为/sbin/nologin,并且不创建家目录
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m user -a "name=test uid=1010 shell=/sbin/nologin createhome=no"
// 创建普通用户alx,并配置对应的用户密码(-1 使用MD5加密)
[root@m01 /]# echo '123456' | openssl passwd -1 -stdin
$1$yGnjv/n3$J.tO.qSIyLy5q547tSisz/
[root@m01 /]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m user -a 'name=alx password="$1$yGnjv/n3$J.tO.qSIyLy5q547tSisz/"'
Module Parameters
- name # 必须参数,指定用户名
- group # 指定用户组名称
- groups # 指定附加组名称,多个组之间用逗号","分隔
- shell # 指定用户登录的shell
- uid # 指定用户的uid
- comment # 指定用户的注释信息
- password # 给用户添加密码
- state # 指定用户是否存在于受控主机中:
preset # 创建用户(默认)
absent # 删除用户
- createhome # 是否创建家目录:
yes # 创建家目录(默认)
no # 不创建家目录
- home # 指定家目录,需要和createhome互相配合使用
Password: password must To do a bunch of pre-set value output after openssl encryption process, then the value will also create a new user's password, if you add a plain text password, then it is invalid.
11, Mount module
mount action module: may be 挂载参数写入到/etc/fastb文件
in
// 仅将挂载的配置写入到/etc/fastb,并不会执行挂载
[root@m01 ~]# ansible sa -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/tmp fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"
// 临时挂载设备,并将挂载的配置写入到/etc/fastb
[root@m01 ~]# ansible sa -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/tmp fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"
// 临时卸载,不会清理/etc/fstab
[root@m01 ~]# ansible sa -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/tmp fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"
// 卸载,不仅临时卸载,同时会清理/etc/fstab
[root@m01 ~]# ansible sa -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/tmp fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"
Module Parameters
- present # 开机挂载,不会执行挂载指令,仅将挂载的配置写入到/etc/fastb
- mounted # 挂载设备,并将挂载的配置写入到/etc/fastb
- unmounted # 卸载设备,不会清除/etc/fastb写入的配置
- absent #卸载设备,会清理/etc/fastb写入的配置
Note: path specified mount directory does not need to be created manually, when performing the mount command will automatically create and mount
12, Unarchive module
Unarchive module role: Unzip
The module has two uses:
-
The archive on the ansible host after local decompression spread to the remote host, in this case, copy = yes. Local decompression, decompression position other than the default directory, or pass did not find the finish after deleted reached the remote host computer
-
The compressed on a remote host unzip the package to the specified path. In this case, the host needs to be set above the remote copy = no operation, the server does not involve ansible
// 将本地的压缩文件解压后传到远程主机
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m unarchive -a "src=/opt/src/apache-tomcat-8.5.53.tar.gz dest=/opt copy=yes mode=0755"
// 将远程主机的压缩文件解压
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m unarchive -a "src=/opt/src/apache-tomcat-8.5.53.tar.gz dest=/opt copy=no mode=0755"
Module Parameters
- src # 源压缩包路径
- dest # 压缩包解压后存放路径
- copy # yes:本地压缩,no:远程压缩
yes
no
- mode # 解压后的目录/文件权限
13, Git module
Git module Role: Management git repository git checkout files or software to deploy.
// 拉取git仓库commit id 为78d5d96的代码到指定目录
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m git -a "repo=https://gitee.com/jasonminghao/dubbo-demo-service.git dest=/data/git_repo/dubbo-demo-service version=78d5d96 accept_hostkey=yes"
Module Parameters
- repo # git仓库地址(https/ssh)
- dest # 将代码克隆到指定路径
- version # 克隆指定版本分支/commit id
- accept_hostkey # 类似于-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
yes
no
14, Systemd module
systemd action module: If systemctl management program, you can use systemd module, the control program can systemctl, reload, start, status, restart, etc.
// 拉取git仓库commit id 为78d5d96的代码到指定目录
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 10.4.7.7 -m systemd -a "name=nfs state=started enabled=yes daemon_reload=true"
Module Parameters
- name # 需要管理的服务名称
- state # 执行动作
reloaded # 平滑重启
restarted # 重启
started # 启动
stopped # 停止
- enabled # 是否开机启动
- daemon_reload # 在执行任何其他操作之前运行daemon-reload,以确保systemd已经读取了任何更改。
yes
no