1-- Nginx server] [High Performance - 3 Nginx Installation

0 Load Balancing

Load balancing, based on the existing network architecture, it provides a cheap and effective and transparent method 扩展网络设备, and 服务器的带宽, 增加吞吐量, 加强网络数据处理能力, 提高网络的灵活性和可用性.

Load balancing, the English name for Load Balanceits meaning is assessed to be executed on multiple operating units, such as Web servers, FTP servers, business-critical application servers and other mission-critical servers, so as to work together to complete the task.

1 Nginx

Nginx is a high performance http server / reverse proxy server and e-mail (IMAP / POP3) proxy server. The program developed by Russian designer Igor Sysoev, the official test nginx 能够 支撑 5 万并发链接, and cpu, 内存etc 资源消耗却非常低, 运行非常稳定.

Mainland China use nginx web site users are: Sina, Netease, Tencent and so on.

Nginx is a 轻量级和高性能的 Web 服务器and 反向代理服务器it has had a lot of very superior characteristics:

1. 作为 Web 服务器: Compared to Apache, Nginx use fewer resources to support more concurrent connections, reflecting higher efficiency, especially by this point the Nginx web hosting provider welcome. In response capable of supporting up to 50,000 concurrent connections, thanks to Nginx we chose epoll and kqueue as a development model for us.
2. 作为负载均衡服务器: Nginx either directly support Rails and PHP internally, can also support as an HTTP proxy server in foreign service. Nginx is written in C, regardless of the system or CPU resource consumption efficiency is much better than Perlbal.
3. 作为邮件代理服务器: Nginx is also a very good mail proxy server (one of the earliest purpose is the development of this product as a mail proxy server), Last.fm describes a successful and wonderful experience.

Nginx installation is very simple, very simple configuration file (also supports perl syntax), Bugs very little server: Nginx starts are particularly vulnerable, and can be done almost 7 * 24 uninterrupted operation, even if a few months do not need to run again start up. You also can 不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级.

Nginx seven general user load balancing, throughput certain restrictions.
To increase overall throughput will be introduced between the DNS and Nginx LVS (software load balancer), the F5 (hard load balancer) may do four load balancing, DNS resolution is first to LVS (F5), and LVS (F5 ) forwarded to Nginx, and then forwarded to the real server Nginx.

2 WindowsInstallationNginx

Official Website: http://nginx.org/

1, Downloads:

2. Unzip the downloaded file:

3, start:

• Method 1: Double-click:nginx.exe
• Second way: PS E:\dev\nginx-1.16.1> start nginx
  
  If you start Nginx is successful, the error log should not be content, otherwise there will be error message:
  

4, stop

./nginx.exe -s stop

3 MACInstallationNginx

3.1 Installation Tools

homebrew (not used little friends can point link or to find out about their own Baidu)

Step 3.2

1, open the terminal, enter the command:

brew update

2, the terminal continues to execute the command:查询要安装的软件是否存在

brew search nginx

3, where we perform multi-step "waste" command, but will help us the following configuration:

brew info nginx

operation result:

We can see, nginxit has not been installed locally ( Not installed), nginxsource ( From), Docrootby default /usr/local/var/www, the /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.confdefault port is configured as the configuration file 8080so that nginxdoes not require additional run-time sudo, nginxwill /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/load all files in a directory, and we can the simplest command ' nginxto start nginx.

4, started the installation:

brew install nginx

5, see the nginx installation directory (such as whether the said info):

open /usr/local/etc/nginx/

Successfully opened nginxdirectory can also be seen as infomentioned servers目录, and nginx.confconfiguration files (will be used later in the configuration file). But we did not find nginxto be installed where.

Terminal continues:其实这个才是nginx被安装到的目录

open /usr/local/Cellar/nginx

To see a currently installed nginxversion number for the file name of the folder, this is what we install nginxthe root of the matter. Enter the 1.17.1/bindirectory, you will see nginxthe start executable files.

Similarly, we in 1.17.1/the directory can also see a name for the htmlshortcut folder (for the time being so called it), enter the directory we will find out that it is pointing to /usr/local/var/wwwthe directory, we see this in the above infoinformation, there is mention to Dcroot( )

6, starts nginx, the input terminal following command:

nginx

No error is the start successfully.

7, access authentication:

If the normal display:

The following are exceptions:

Open a browser to access localhost:8080, here with some online tutorials will be somewhat different, under normal circumstances, this step will be able to see nginxthe welcome screen you, but bloggers have encountered the situation pit father (if you can normally see the nginxwelcome screen you can skip this step).

Surely everyone is familiar with this error, I will not do more to explain, then direct that reason (the reason is only speculation, because no way to verify): installed nginxby default in html(that is /usr/local/var/www) directory to generate a welcome page file , the emergence of this situation is above the welcome page file is not generated (as to why no generation is not known, everything is speculation).

Before that solve this problem, we first look at nginxthe profile bar ( nginx.conf):

cat /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Code displays the configuration file is:

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
　　　　 #侦听8080端口
        listen       8080;
　　　　 #定义使用 localhost访问
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
　　　　　　　#定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
            root   html;
　　　　　　  #定义首页索引文件的名称
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
　　　　　...
　　　　　...
　　　　　... (注释代码太多，就不全部贴出来了)

    include servers/*;
}

By profiles, we can see that the default web root directory html(that is /usr/local/var/www), and the default index file index.htmland index.htm, at this to find the cause, and that we were the root of less Home index files, then manually create a it:

cd /usr/local/var/www/                      //进入到www目录下
touch index.html                            //创建一个新的index.html文件
vim index.html                              //编辑该文件 

The following code is written index.htmlfile:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <h1>我的nginx欢迎页面</h1>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Press the escbutton to enter :wqlaunch edit and save (this I believe we will, but still write on the obsessive-compulsive disorder).

Back to the browser ( localhost:8080) Refresh:

4 LinuxInstallationNginx

Official Website: http://nginx.org/

4.1 Environment Preparation

CentOS7 Turn off the firewall:

systemctl stop firewalld # 临时关闭

systemctl disable firewalld # 禁止开机启动

1. Install gcc gcc-c++

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++

2. Install wget

yum -y install wget

3. Install the PCRElibrary

yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

5. Install SSLlibrary

yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

6. Install zlibInventory

yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

4.2 Installation Nginx

cd /usr/local/

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.16.1

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi

make && make install

Note: compiled nginxin /usr/local/nginx/the following

[root@docker nginx-1.16.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@docker nginx]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec  7 23:59 conf       # 配置文件
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   40 Dec  7 23:59 html       # 根目录欢迎页
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   19 Dec  7 23:59 sbin       # nginx 启动命令
[root@docker nginx]# 

4.3 start Nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

./nginx

[root@docker ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@docker sbin]# ./nginx 
nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/temp/nginx/client" failed (2: No such file or directory)
[root@docker sbin]# 

Note: Before starting nginx, on top of the temporary file directory is specified /var/temp/nginx, it is necessary /varunder the creation tempand nginxdirectory

[root@localhost sbin]# mkdir /var/temp/nginx/client -p

Start nginx:

./nginx

View process:

ps aux | grep nginx

[root@docker sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root       4382  0.0  0.0  20556   616 ?        Ss   00:06   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody     4383  0.0  0.0  21008  1344 ?        S    00:06   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       4386  0.0  0.0 112708   976 pts/0    S+   00:07   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@docker sbin]# 

• ps aux: View all processes
• grep nginx: Filtering out nginx

Close way to kill the process nginx

kill -9 4382

Close nginx:
[root @ localhost sbin] # ./nginx -s STOP

Recommended Use:

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s quit

Restart nginx:

1, after closing the first start;
2, refresh the configuration file:

./nginx -s reload

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s reload

access nginx

The default is 80 port.

** Note: ** whether to turn off the firewall.

5 Nginxscenarios

1HTTP 服务器 . Nginx is a http http service can provide services independently. You can do a static web page server.

2虚拟主机 . You can achieve a virtual multiple sites on a single server, such as personal Web site using a virtual machine.

3反向代理，负载均衡 . When the site's traffic reaches a certain level, a single server can not meet the user's request, the need to use multiple servers clusters can be used to make nginx reverse proxy. Circumstances and multiple servers can share the load average, the load should not be high downtime for a server and a server idle.

4, nginx can also be configured 安全管理, for example, can be used to build Nginx API interface gateway to intercept each interface services.

6 NginxDirectory Structure

Nginx-
|_  conf   配置目录
|_  contrib
|_  docs 文档目录
|_  logs  日志目录
|_  temp 临时文件目录
|_  html 静态页面目录
|_  nginx.exe 主程序

7 Nginxstatic resources

Access to resources stored in static html page nginx