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Virtual machine components
- Operating System: windows, linux, etc.
- vmware tools: that the client operating system to better manage and seamless connectivity to a physical machine: to share files between the host and client file system is interposed
between the virtual machine and the host or client desktop copy and paste text , graphics and documents
to improve mouse performance
in a virtual machine with the client desktop clock shows resynchronization
help of independent execution scripts guest operating system operations
enabled virtual machine guest customization, etc. - Virtual resource: parallel and serial interfaces CPU, memory, network adapters, disk, controller
Physical and virtual Comparison
- On a physical machine, directly to the operating system tied to hardware resource provider, and the establishment of data stored on the operating system, create an application, then there will be: We need to bind a specific set of hardware components, if the hardware fails, it must be paired hardware replacement, and resources, the program can not be completed on the hardware migration, and usually have a short life cycle, high cost
- Virtual environment, the same underlying hardware resources, the resource will build a virtual hardware platform (vSphere), the underlying hardware resources virtualization, then go to set up a virtual machine on the virtual platform, and are encapsulated into virtual machine in the form of documents, independent of the physical hardware, independent of the other virtual machines running on the same platform, easy to implement live migration or replication, which brought us great convenience.
Virtualization Category
Virtualization is to create a physical (such as servers, desktop, network or storage device) software based on the representation process
| Network virtualization (NSX) | Create a virtual switch and physical network connectivity |
|---|---|
| Storage virtualization (VSAN) | Using software-defined method for creating shared storage for virtual machines, physical storage can be virtualized local resources ESXi hosts, and converts them into storage pools, and virtual machines based on the quality of services and applications required strenuously and assigned to these storage pools these virtual machines and applications, VSAN built-in vSphere is fully integrated with vSphere, vSphere's HA, and thermal migration are based on the shared storage  |
| Desktop Virtualization | Through any device, at any place, any time is on our personal network access through desktop |
| Server virtualization | Allows multiple operating systems as virtual machines on a single physical server running ride, each operating system can access the underlying server resources and improve the efficiency |
SDDC
In the software-defined data center, all the infrastructure is virtualized, control data center is fully automated by the software. vSphere is the basis for software-defined data center.
Software-defined virtual data center all the resources (CPU, memory, disk, and network) are abstracted to a file, in order to achieve all the benefits of virtualization at all levels of the infrastructure, independent of the physical infrastructure below.
• Service Management: Service management and operations to track multiple data sources SDDC analysis of multi-zone. VRealize deployed across multiple nodes and vRealize Operations Manager log insight to achieve continuous availability and increased uptake log.
• Cloud Management: cloud management, including directory services (storage facilities to be deployed), choreography (providing workflow deployment directory entries) and Self-Service Portal (allows end users to use SDDC).
• Virtual Infrastructure Layer: This layer creates a robust virtual environment, all other solutions are integrated into this environment. This layer includes a hypervisor virtualization platform, resource pooling and virtualization control. Additional processes and technology builds on the infrastructure to support the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS).
• Physical layer: the lowest solution comprises computing, storage and network components.
• Security: Customers using this level platform to meet stringent compliance requirements of virtualized workloads, and manage business risk.
Virtual Machine
Any application in any operating system can run in a virtual machine,
and from the consumption of CPU, memory, disk and network resources host-based
is to convert a physical machine assembly file is similar to the physical components of the virtual machine software abstraction
Virtual Machine Architecture
This slide shows the difference between the virtual and non-virtual host host.
In traditional architecture, operating system interacts directly with the hardware installed. OS scheduler process to run, the memory allocated to the application, to send and receive data on the network interface, and reads and writes additional storage
Web Hosting by a layer of software (called a virtual layer or hypervisor) to interact with the installed hardware. hypervisor provides physical hardware resources dynamically to virtual machines as needed to support the operation of the virtual machine. Hypervisor enable virtual machines to be operated independently to a certain extent on the underlying hardware.
For example, a virtual machine can be physically moved to another host from the physical host. In addition, its virtual disks can move from one type of storage to another type of storage, without affecting the function of the virtual machine.
Running multiple virtual machines on a shared physical host computing host, memory, network and storage resources.
Using virtualization, you can run multiple virtual machines on a physical host, each virtual machine across multiple environments to share a single physical computer resources. Virtual machines share access to the cpu, system management program run by the scheduler. In addition, the virtual machine is assigned their own memory area to be used and shared access to the physical network cards and disk controllers. Different virtual machines can run different operating systems and applications on the same physical computer.
When a plurality of virtual machines running on ESXi host, a part of the physical resources allocated to each virtual machine. hypervisor like a traditional operating system as a virtual machine scheduling, memory allocation and scheduling application. These virtual machines are running on a variety of cpu.
Like with the application, the virtual machine network and disk bandwidth. However, the virtual machine is controlled by a complex mechanism to manage to manage each virtual machine how much access is available. Use the default resource allocation settings, all with the same ESXi host associated virtual machines can share the available resources equally
CPU virtualization
In the physical environment, the operating system assume ownership of all physical CPU system
CPU virtualization is not a simulation, because the guest operating system support for the x64 processor designs. Manager allows operating systems to run locally on a host of physical x64 processors, when many virtual machines running on the ESXi host, the virtual machines might compete for CPU resources. When the CPU contention occurs, ESXi host all virtual machines across physical processor of the time slice, so that each virtual machine can run like a virtual processor has a specified number by VMM (virtual management layer) scheduling, the CPU time slice allocation, scheduling to different virtual machines, the virtual machine when the run is completed or a timeout, this time slice returns control to the VMM, then the next schedule. VCPU not allocated to an application on one of the CPU is fixed, but it may perform one or several time chips command, this time allocated on the physical core, the next assignment in some other core. By the time slice, you can improve the utilization of the physical CPU. The original physical machine's CPU is like a private car, the time to work on the road, usually are parked on the roadside; CPU time was sliced after being scheduled to join as "Uber" of private cars have been running on the road, there is a demand on passenger operations and improve utilization.
The maximum number of virtual cpu allocated to the virtual machine depends on the type of the operating system installed on the virtual machines and the number of logical cpu on the host
number of the host logical virtual cpu cpu number of virtual machines can not exceed. The number of logical cpu is the number of physical processor cores if hyperthreading is enabled, twice the number of physical processor cores.
Memory Virtualization
Virtual memory is a process to allocate to each virtual system address them, so that each process feel that they are independent of the use of memory together with good isolation, at the same time, each process is from the beginning of the virtual address 0, this makes it helps manage the process. But you want to run, must be run on a real memory, it will establish a mapping mechanism to help achieve the mapping between virtual addresses to physical addresses.
Achieve address isolation between processes by way of virtual memory.
File systems and data storage
ESXI distributed logging usage data storage using VMFS format, high performance cluster file system, VMFS using its file system metadata change so quickly and elastically restored in the event of a hardware failure, the cluster by providing a storage VMFS the combined pool with multiple virtual machines to share access to additional resources to use. Automatic restart and fault tolerance is the foundation VMFS distributed infrastructure services, such as live migration of virtual machines and virtual machine files, dynamic balance workloads across available computing resources, virtual machine
by aggregating storage resources and dynamic expansion VMFS datastore to dynamically an increase of VMFS datastore, you can increase the pool of shared storage resources, without the need for downtime.
Virtual machine package
Each virtual machine vSphere encapsulated into a file in the set of virtual machines.
Directory virtual machine files stored on VMFS, NFS, VMware vSANTM or VMware vSphere®Virtual VolumesTM stored data.
Each virtual machine vSphere encapsulated into a file or a small number of objects, making it easier to manage the virtual machine and migration. Separate file for each virtual machine and an object file is stored on a data storage folder.
Disk Deployment Strategy
Thick Provision: Traditional storage provisioning mode, with all the disk space defined when creating a virtual disk
offers a lot of storage space in advance to meet future storage needs. However, the space may have not been used, this will lead to not take advantage of how much storage capacity is how many points the share of storage for less 100G 100G
thick provisioning Zero:
thick-provisioned disk storage that is set to zero immediately erased when it is allocated to the VM All data will have to write all binary "0" disk zeroing
Thick Provision zero delay:
the delay is set to zero contrast, an equal amount of space to store the same VM set aside in the allocation of space, but without any binary processing, which is clear only when the VM corresponding to the write data block to use data on
Thin Provisioning: allows the virtual machine to use the storage space needed, the virtual machine disk consumes only required to save the current file size.
Virtual machines can always see the assigned disk size
• Virtual disk allocation: 140gb • Available data storage capacity: 100gb • Use storage capacity: 80gb with how much account as divided 100G only 5 G, it would be at least five G
Note: Pictures are from vmware
