《云计算》-docker安装部署、镜像基本操作、镜像与容器常用指令

案例1：安装Docker
案例2：镜像基本操作
案例3：镜像与容器常用指令

1 案例1：安装Docker
1.1 问题

本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker：

准备两台虚拟机，IP为192.168.1.10和192.168.1.20
安装docker-engine 和 docker-engine-selinux
关闭防火墙

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：配置yum源

1）配置第三方yum源（真机操作）

[root@room9pc01 ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/docker
[root@room9pc01 ~]# mv docker-engine-* /var/ftp/docker
[root@room9pc01 ~]# ls /var/ftp/docker
docker-engine-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
docker-engine-selinux-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@room9pc01 ~]# createrepo /var/ftp/docker/
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 4 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 5 with 0 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

2）配置IP（虚拟机配置静态ip）docker1和docker2主机同样操作

[root@localhost ~]# echo docker1 > /etc/hostname 
[root@localhost ~]# hostname docker1
[root@localhost ~]# echo docker2 > /etc/hostname 
[root@localhost ~]# hostname docker2
[root@docker1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.10"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@docker2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.20"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network

3）配置yum客户端（docker1和docker2主机同样操作）

[root@docker1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo 
[local_repo]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[loca]
name=local
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@docker2 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo 
[local_repo]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[loca]
name=local
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

4）安装docker（docker1和docker2主机同样操作）

[root@docker1 ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
[root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker1 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker1 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@docker2 ~]# docker version        //查看版本
[root@docker2 ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
[root@docker2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker2 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker2 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:53:82:b9:d4  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@docker2 ~]# docker version        //查看版本

2 案例2：镜像基本操作
2.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作：

导入镜像
导出镜像
启动镜像

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：docker镜像

1）下载镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
8c5a7da1afbc: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:cb63aa0641a885f54de20f61d152187419e8f6b159ed11a251a09d115fdff9bd
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest

2）上传镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# docker push busybox

3）查看镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG               IMAGE ID          CREATED           SIZE
busybox           latest            e1ddd7948a1c      4 weeks ago       1.163 MB

4）查找busybox镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# docker search busybox

5）导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar

[root@docker1 ~]# docker  save  busybox:latest >busybox.tar
[root@docker1 ~]# ls
busybox.tar  

6）导入镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# scp  busybox.tar 192.168.1.20:/root
[root@docker2 ~]# ls
busybox.tar  
[root@docker2 ~]# docker load <busybox.tar
f9d9e4e6e2f0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.378 MB/1.378 MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest[=>                                                 ] 32.77 kB/1.378 MB
[root@docker2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED           SIZE
busybox             latest              e1ddd7948a1c        4 weeks ago      1.163 MB

7）删除镜像

[root@docker2 ~]# docker rmi  busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Deleted: sha256:e1ddd7948a1c31709a23cc5b7dfe96e55fc364f90e1cebcde0773a1b5a30dcda
Deleted: sha256:f9d9e4e6e2f0689cd752390e14ade48b0ec6f2a488a05af5ab2f9ccaf54c299d

步骤二：一次性导入多个镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# yum -y install unzip
[root@docker1 ~]# unzip docker_images.zip 
Archive:  docker_images.zip
   creating: docker_images/
  inflating: docker_images/nginx.tar  
  inflating: docker_images/redis.tar  
  inflating: docker_images/centos.tar  
  inflating: docker_images/registry.tar  
  inflating: docker_images/ubuntu.tar
[root@docker1 ~]# ls
busybox.tar  docker_images  docker_images.zip  eip
[root@docker1 ~]# cd docker_images
[root@docker1 docker_images]# ls
centos.tar  nginx.tar  redis.tar  registry.tar  ubuntu.tar
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              e1ddd7948a1c        4 weeks ago         1.163 MB
[root@docker1 docker_images]# for i in *; do docker load <$i; done

导入多个镜像如图-1所示：

图-1

步骤三：启动镜像

1）启动centos镜像生成一个容器

启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么:

1、可以猜（如：/bin/bash、/bin/sh）

2、可以不加后面的命令，默认启动

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7a652fc72a9f /]# ls /
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@7a652fc72a9f /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm -rf C*
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo    //在容器里面配置一个yum源
[local]
name=local
baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum -y install net-tools  //安装软件
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit
exit

3 案例3：镜像与容器常用指令
3.1 问题

本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令：

镜像常用指令练习
容器常用指令练习

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：镜像常用命令

1）查看后台运行的容器

[root@docker1 ~]# docker run -d nginx  //启动nginx的镜像
[root@docker1 ~]# docker ps    //查看后台运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
56ec8154f8e0        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon off"   17 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       80/tcp, 443/tcp     zen_darwin

2）只显示容器ID

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -q
56ec8154f8e0
85c6b0b62235
f7ee40a87af5

3）显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的

 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -a

4）显示所有的容器ID

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -qa
56ec8154f8e0
2b68c3960737
85c6b0b62235
f7ee40a87af5
b261be571648
fb2fb8c3d7a8

5）查看centos镜像历史（制作过程），如图-2所示：

 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history centos

图-2

7）删除镜像，启动容器时删除镜像会失败，先删除容器,再删除镜像

格式：docker rmi 镜像名

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi nginx  //nginx为镜像名
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 4f83871aa42e is using its referenced image a5311a310510 //删除时报错
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 4f
4f
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 4f
4f
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi nginx   //成功删除
Untagged: nginx:latest
Deleted: sha256:d1fd7d86a8257f3404f92c4474fb3353076883062d64a09232d95d940627459d
Deleted: sha256:4d765aea84ce4f56bd623e4fd38dec996a259af3418e2466d0e2067ed0ae8aa6
Deleted: sha256:5d385be69c9c4ce5538e12e6e677727ebf19ca0afaff6f035d8043b5e413003a
Deleted: sha256:adb712878b60bd7ed8ce661c91eb3ac30f41b67bfafed321395863051596a8e9
Deleted: sha256:55a50a618c1b76f784b0b68a0b3d70db93b353fb03227ea6bd87f794cad92917
Deleted: sha256:e53f74215d12318372e4412d0f0eb3908e17db25c6185f670db49aef5271f91f

8）修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest

 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag  centos:latest cen:v1

9）查看镜像的底层信息，如图-3所示：

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect centos

图-3

10）修改镜像的标签

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag  centos:latest cen:v1 
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG            IMAGE ID          CREATED          SIZE
        cen        v1             e934aafc2206   5 months ago    198.6 MB 
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi centos    //删除centos
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos   
//启动的时候，因为是用标签标签启动的，所以会重新通过ID下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/centos
Digest: sha256:989b936d56b1ace20ddf855a301741e52abca38286382cba7f44443210e96d16
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it cen:v1   //通过新建的标签启动cen:v1

步骤二：容器命令

1）关闭容器

命令：docker stop 容器ID

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 0f   //0f为容器ID
0f

2）启动容器

 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker start 0f
0f

3）重启容器

 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker restart 0f
0f

4）删除容器

运行中删除不掉，先关闭容器

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 0f  //删除失败
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 0f   //关闭容器
0f
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 0f         //删除成功
0f
[root@docker1 docker_images]#

5）连接容器attach|exec

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker attach  0f
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps    //容器关闭
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE  COMMAND  CREATED  STATUS  PORTS  NAMES
[root@docker1 docker_images]#  docker exec -it 0f /bin/bash
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps        //容器不会关闭
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE         COMMAND        CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
0b3c50284a1c  centos:v1      "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             tiny_lamarr
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker top f7        //查看容器进程列表 
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd centos:latest
[root@0b3c50284a1c /]# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 ?        00:00:00 bash
   13 ?        00:00:00 ps  
 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 85 /bin/bash
root@85c6b0b62235:/# sleep 50 &
[1] 9
root@85c6b0b62235:/# exit
exit
[root@docker1 docker_images]#docker top 85
UID    PID  PPID C   STIME     TTY         TIME      CMD
root  2744 2729  0   18:01    pts/4  00:00:00   /bin/bash

6）过滤查看mac和ip地址

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' 4f
02:42:ac:11:00:03
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 4f
172.17.0.3

7）修改nginx的显示内容

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it nginx:latest 

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 56 /bin/bash
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
nginx: invalid option: “/usr/share/nginx/html/” //查找并显示结果
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
//修改主页显示的内容
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
aaa

8）过滤查看nginx的ip地址

[root@docker1 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 56
172.17.0.5
[root@docker1 ~]# curl   172.17.0.5
aaa