RabbitMQ交换机

1、交换机属性

交换机有以下属性：

Name：交换机名称

Type：交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers

Durability：是否需要持久化，true为持久化

Auto Delete：当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange

Internal：当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为False

Arguments：扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议，定制化使用

2、直连交换机Direct Exchange（完全匹配路由key）

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange：default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定（binding）操作，消息传递时，RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃；

消费端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1、创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2、创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3、创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4、声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
//        String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到

        //5、发送
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());
    }
}

3、主题交换机Topic Exchange（匹配路由规则的交换机）

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上；Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic

注意：可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

符号：“#” 匹配一个或者多个词

符号：“*” 匹配不多不少一个词

例如：

“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”

“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”

消费端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
//        String routingKey = "user.*";

        //1、声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //2、声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //3、建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2、创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3、创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4、声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5、发送
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

4、输出交换机Fanout Exchange（不做路由）

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上；发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上；Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

消费端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "";//不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码：

package com.ue.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.14.758");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2、创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3、创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4、声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5、发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

创建的交换机跟消息队列都可以在管理界面显示出来：