Python中eval与exec用法的区别

Python中eval,exec这两个函数有着相似的输入参数类型和执行功能,因此在用法上经常出现混淆,以至经常用错,程序易抛出错误。下面主要通过这两个函数的语法来阐述区别,并用例子来进一步说明。

首先看下官方文档对这两个函数的说明:

(1)eval(expr, globals=None, locals=None, /)

Evaluate the given expr in the context of globals and locals.
This call returns the expr result.
The expr may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.

(2)exec(stmts, globals=None, locals=None, /)

Execute the given stmts in the context of globals and locals.

The stmts may be a string representing one or more **Python statements**
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.

特别注意上述黑体字,发现eval与exec的第一个输入参数虽然都是string,但eval中的是表达式,而exec中的是声明,所以区分这两个函数的问题就转化成了什么是表达式,什么是声明的问题,这两个概念必须搞清楚,才能理清楚这两个函数的用法。

Python中,表达式有比如比较大小,数字相乘,列表切片,函数调用等等,而声明则比较特殊,有assignment statement,expression statement(call function,instance method etc),print statement,if statement,for statement,while statement,def statement,try statement...

注意到表达式与声明存在某些交集,如函数调用,实例方法调用,print等,因此对于这些交集,都可以传入这两个函数,而除此之外,最好将expression传入eval,而statement传入exec,否则,要么抛出异常,要么不能实现既定的目标。

接下来用实例来阐述。

eval('x=1')#赋值声明,传入eval报错
  File "<string>", line 1
    x=1
     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
exec('x=1');x
1
eval('1<2')#比较表达式
True
exec('1<2');print('No output')#表达式,没有输出
No output
eval('print("print can be shown via eval")')
print can be shown via eval
exec('print("print can also be shown via exec")')
print can also be shown via exec

猜你喜欢

转载自www.cnblogs.com/johnyang/p/12333899.html
今日推荐