Spring Boot 2 + Thymeleaf:表单字段绑定、表单提交处理

Spring Boot中Thymeleaf对表单处理的一些用法:
(1)使用th:field属性:进行表单字段绑定
(2)使用ids对象:一般用于lable配合radio或checkbox使用
(3)表单提交处理

开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
Spring Boot版本:2.1.8

新建一个名称为demo的Spring Boot项目。
pom.xml 依赖项如下:

       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

一、使用th:field属性

th:field属性常用于表单字段绑定,除了自动生成id和name属性,对不同的节点类型还会有不同的生成逻辑。
例如input还会再生成value属性,textarea会自动设文本,select会自动选中相应的选项,如果是同个表单属性,radio和checkbox的id会全局自动增长。
备注:
(1)使用th:field属性时,如果html节点中已经存在相应属性,则不会再另外生成。
(2)th:field属性需要使用星号表达式*{...},即先使用th:object声明表单对象,再使用th:field=*{...}对表单域进行处理。

1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/User.java

package com.example.demo;

public class User {
    String name;
    Integer sex;
    String[] MyColors;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(Integer sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String[] getMyColors() {
        return MyColors;
    }
    public void setMyColors(String[] myColors) {
        MyColors = myColors;
    }
}

2、src/main/java/com/example/demo/FieldController.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class FieldController {
    @RequestMapping("/field")
    public String field(Model model){
        //设置用户对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("小红");
        user.setSex(0);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        //设置性别
        Map<String, Object> sexes = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        sexes.put("男", 1);
        sexes.put("女", 0);
        model.addAttribute("sexes", sexes);
        return "field";
    }
}

3、src/main/resources/templates/field.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用th:field属性</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form th:object="${user}">
        <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" id="name1" />
        <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" />
        <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" />
        <textarea th:field="*{name}"></textarea>
        <textarea th:field="*{name}"></textarea>
        <select th:field="*{sex}">
            <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option>
        </select>
        <select th:field="*{sex}">
            <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option>
        </select>
        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/>
        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/>
        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/>
        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/field,网页源代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用th:field属性</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form>
        <input type="text" id="name1" name="name" value="小红" />
        <input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小红" />
        <input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小红" />
        <textarea id="name" name="name">小红</textarea>
        <textarea id="name" name="name">小红</textarea>
        <select id="sex" name="sex">
            <option value="0" selected="selected"></option>
            <option value="1"></option>
        </select>
        <select id="sex" name="sex">
            <option value="0" selected="selected"></option>
            <option value="1"></option>
        </select>
        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name1" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>
        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name2" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>
        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name3" name="name"/>
        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name4" name="name"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

二、使用ids对象

可以使用ids对象的seq方法生成指定名称的递增id。
对于radio和checkbox自动生成的id,配合lable节点使用时,需要知道这个id,可以使用ids对象的prev和next方法。

1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/IdsController.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class IdsController {
    @RequestMapping("/ids")
    public String ids(Model model){
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("小红");
        user.setSex(0);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "ids";
    }
}

2、src/main/resources/templates/ids.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用ids对象</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form th:object="${user}">
        <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('tname')}" />
        <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('tname')}" />

        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('rname')}"/>
        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('rname')}"/>

        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('cname')}" />
        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('cname')}"/>

        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" />
        <label th:for="${#ids.prev('name')}" th:text="单选A"></label>
        <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" />
        <label th:for="${#ids.prev('name')}" th:text="单选B"></label>

        <label th:for="${#ids.next('name')}" th:text="多选A"></label>
        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" />
        <label th:for="${#ids.next('name')}" th:text="多选B"></label>
        <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/ids,网页源代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用ids对象</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form>
        <input type="text" id="tname1" name="name" value="小红" />
        <input type="text" id="tname2" name="name" value="小红" />

        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="rname1" name="name"/>
        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="rname2" name="name"/>

        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="cname1" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>
        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="cname2" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>

        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name1" name="name" />
        <label for="name1">单选A</label>
        <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name2" name="name" />
        <label for="name2">单选B</label>

        <label for="name3">多选A</label>
        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name3" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>
        <label for="name4">多选B</label>
        <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name4" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

三、表单的提交处理

提交后,在控制器方法中使用@ModelAttribute映射表单对象。

1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/FormController.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class FormController {
    @RequestMapping("/form")
    public String form(Model model){
        setConstant(model);
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("小明");
        user.setSex(1);
        user.setMyColors(new String[]{"white", "black"});
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "form";
    }

    @PostMapping("/submit")
    public String submit(@ModelAttribute User user, Model model){
        setConstant(model);
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        System.out.println("姓名:" + user.getName());
        System.out.println("性别:" + (user.getSex().intValue() == 1 ? "男" : "女"));
        System.out.println("喜欢的颜色:" + Arrays.toString(user.getMyColors()));
        //return "redirect:/form";
        return "form";
    }

    //设置常量
    private void setConstant(Model model){
        Map<String, Object> sexes = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        sexes.put("男", 1);
        sexes.put("女", 0);
        model.addAttribute("sexes", sexes);
        String[] colors = new String[]{"red", "white", "black"};
        model.addAttribute("colors", colors);
    }
}

2、src/main/resources/templates/form.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>表单的提交处理</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" th:action="@{/submit}" th:object="${user}">
       <table>
           <tr>
               <td>用户名:</td>
               <td><input type="text" th:field="*{name}" /></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td>性别:</td>
               <td><select th:field="*{sex}">
                       <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option>
                    </select>
               </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td>喜欢的颜色:</td>
               <td>
                   <span th:each="color : ${colors}">
                       <input type="checkbox"  th:field="*{myColors}" th:value="${color}" />
                       <label th:for="${#ids.prev('myColors')}" th:text="${color}"></label>
                   </span>
               </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td colspan="2">
                   <input type="submit" value="提交" />
               </td>
           </tr>

       </table>



    </form>
</body>
</html>

启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/from,页面如下图:

 网页源代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>表单的提交处理</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="/submit">
       <table>
           <tr>
               <td>用户名:</td>
               <td><input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小明" /></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td>性别:</td>
               <td><select id="sex" name="sex">
                       <option value="0"></option>
                       <option value="1" selected="selected"></option>
                    </select>
               </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td>喜欢的颜色:</td>
               <td>
                   <span>
                       <input type="checkbox"  value="red" id="myColors1" name="myColors" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/>
                       <label for="myColors1">red</label>
                   </span><span>
                       <input type="checkbox"  value="white" id="myColors2" name="myColors" checked="checked" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/>
                       <label for="myColors2">white</label>
                   </span><span>
                       <input type="checkbox"  value="black" id="myColors3" name="myColors" checked="checked" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/>
                       <label for="myColors3">black</label>
                   </span>
               </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
               <td colspan="2">
                   <input type="submit" value="提交" />
               </td>
           </tr>

       </table>



    </form>
</body>
</html>

点击提交按钮,IDEA控制台输出:

姓名:小明
性别:男
喜欢的颜色:[white, black]

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/gdjlc/p/11710664.html