【微服务架构】SpringCloud之Eureka入门篇

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什么是Eureka

官方的介绍在这里Eureka wiki。Eureka是Netflix开源的一个RESTful服务，主要用于服务的注册发现。Eureka由两个组件组成：Eureka服务器和Eureka客户端。Eureka服务器用作服务注册服务器。Eureka客户端是一个java客户端，用来简化与服务器的交互、作为轮询负载均衡器，并提供服务的故障切换支持。Netflix在其生产环境中使用的是另外的客户端，它提供基于流量、资源利用率以及出错状态的加权负载均衡。

在我看来，Eureka的吸引力来源于以下几点：

1. 开源：大家可以对实现一探究竟，甚至修改源码。
2. 可靠：经过Netflix多年的生产环境考验，使用应该比较靠谱
3. 省心 功能齐全：不但提供了完整的注册发现服务，还有Ribbon等可以配合使用的服务。
4. 基于Java：对于Java程序员来说，使用起来，心里比较有底。
5. Spring Cloud可以使用Spring Cloud, 与Eureka进行了很好的集成，使用起来非常方便。

项目架构

代码实现

1、实现服务注册，创建EureKaserver 项目

项目结构

pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.fit</groupId>
    <artifactId>EureKaserver</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <!-- SpringBoot父类依赖引用 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--eureka server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

application.yml配置

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

EurekaServer.java文件

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServer.class, args);
    }
}

服务注册搭建完成，运行访问：http://localhost:8888/

2、服务提供者，创建SpringCloud-Service

项目结构

pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>comf.it</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloud-Service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <!-- SpringBoot父类依赖引用 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
    <!--eureka server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

application.yml配置

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
  port: 8762
spring:
  application:
    name: SpringCloud-Service

UserController.java

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value ="getUser")
    public Map<String,Object> getUser(){
        Map<String,Object> user = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        user.put("name", "zlzhaoe");
        user.put("age", "26");
        return user;
    }
}

SpringCloudServiceApp.java

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudServiceApp {

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

服务提供者SpringCloud-Service创建完成

访问：http://localhost:8762/getUser

访问：http://localhost:8888/

3、消费者，创建SpringCloud-Consumer

项目结构

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.fit</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringCloud-Consumer</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <!-- SpringBoot父类依赖引用 -->
   <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: SpringCloud-Consumer

ConsumerUserController.java

@Controller
public class ConsumerUserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value ="getServiceUser")
    public Map<String,Object> getServiceUser(){
        System.out.print("==========start");
        Map<String,Object> user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://SpringCloud-Service/getUser", Map.class);
        return user;
    }
}

SpringCloudConsumerApp.java

package com.fit;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudConsumerApp {

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudConsumerApp.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

*备注：在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册；并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能*

消费者，创建完成，运行访问http://localhost:8764/getServiceUser，返回如下图

源码下载