一.爬虫
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy import os from sina.items import SinaItem class SinapiderSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'sinapider' # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com'] start_urls = ['http://news.sina.com.cn/guide/'] def parse(self, response): items = [] # 所有大类的url 和 标题 parentUrls = response.xpath('//div[@id="tab01"]/div/h3/a/@href').extract() parentTitle = response.xpath('//div[@id="tab01"]/div/h3/a/text()').extract() # 所有小类的ur 和 标题 subUrls = response.xpath('//div[@id="tab01"]/div/ul/li/a/@href').extract() subTitle = response.xpath('//div[@id="tab01"]/div/ul/li/a/text()').extract() # 爬取所有大类 for i in range(0, len(parentTitle)): # 指定大类目录的路径和目录名 parentFilename = "./Data/" + parentTitle[i] # 如果目录不存在，则创建目录 if (not os.path.exists(parentFilename)): os.makedirs(parentFilename) # 爬取所有小类 for j in range(0, len(subUrls)): item = SinaItem() # 保存大类的title和urls item['parentTitle'] = parentTitle[i] item['parentUrls'] = parentUrls[i] # 检查小类的url是否以同类别大类url开头，如果是返回True (sports.sina.com.cn 和 sports.sina.com.cn/nba) if_belong = subUrls[j].startswith(item['parentUrls']) # 如果属于本大类，将存储目录放在本大类目录下 if (if_belong): subFilename = parentFilename + '/' + subTitle[j] # 如果目录不存在，则创建目录 if (not os.path.exists(subFilename)): os.makedirs(subFilename) # 存储 小类url、title和filename字段数据 item['subUrls'] = subUrls[j] item['subTitle'] = subTitle[j] item['subFilename'] = subFilename items.append(item) # 发送每个小类url的Request请求，得到Response连同包含meta数据 一同交给回调函数 second_parse 方法处理 for item in items: yield scrapy.Request(url=item['subUrls'], meta={'meta_1': item}, callback=self.second_parse) # 对于返回的小类的url，再进行递归请求 def second_parse(self, response): # 提取每次Response的meta数据 meta_1 = response.meta['meta_1'] # 取出小类里所有子链接 sonUrls = response.xpath('//a/@href').extract() items = [] for i in range(0, len(sonUrls)): # 检查每个链接是否以大类url开头、以.shtml结尾，如果是返回True if_belong = sonUrls[i].endswith('.shtml') and sonUrls[i].startswith(meta_1['parentUrls']) # 如果属于本大类，获取字段值放在同一个item下便于传输 if (if_belong): item = SinaItem() item['parentTitle'] = meta_1['parentTitle'] item['parentUrls'] = meta_1['parentUrls'] item['subUrls'] = meta_1['subUrls'] item['subTitle'] = meta_1['subTitle'] item['subFilename'] = meta_1['subFilename'] item['sonUrls'] = sonUrls[i] items.append(item) # 发送每个小类下子链接url的Request请求，得到Response后连同包含meta数据 一同交给回调函数 detail_parse 方法处理 for item in items: yield scrapy.Request(url=item['sonUrls'], meta={'meta_2': item}, callback=self.detail_parse) # 数据解析方法，获取文章标题和内容 def detail_parse(self, response): item = response.meta['meta_2'] content = "" head = response.xpath('//h1[@id="main_title"]/text()') content_list = response.xpath('//div[@id="artibody"]/p/text()').extract() # 将p标签里的文本内容合并到一起 for content_one in content_list: content += content_one item['head'] = head item['content'] = content yield item
二. item
import scrapy class SinaItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() #大类标题和连接 parentTitle = scrapy.Field() parentUrls = scrapy.Field() #小类标题和url subTitle=scrapy.Field() subUrls=scrapy.Field() #小类目录存储路径 subFilename=scrapy.Field() #小类下的子连接 sonUrls=scrapy.Field() #文章的标题和内容 head=scrapy.Field() content=scrapy.Field()
3.pipeline
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html class SinaPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): sonUrls = item['sonUrls'] # 文件名为子链接url中间部分，并将 / 替换为 _，保存为 .txt格式 filename = sonUrls[7:-6].replace('/', '_') filename += ".txt" fp = open(item['subFilename'] + '/' + filename, 'w',encoding='utf-8') fp.write(item['content']) fp.close() return item
4.settings
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for sina project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'sina' SPIDER_MODULES = ['sina.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'sina.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0' # Obey robots.txt rules ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', # 'Accept-Language': 'en', #} # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'sina.middlewares.SinaSpiderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'sina.middlewares.SinaDownloaderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable extensions # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #} # Configure item pipelines # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'sina.pipelines.SinaPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' LOG_LEVEL = 'DEBUG'