小白学ES 08 - 对Elasticsearch的索引进行CRUD操作

1 创建索引

• 创建语法:

  PUT index
  {
      "settings": { ... any settings ... },
      "mappings": {
          "type1": { ... any mappings ... },
          "type2": { ... any mappings ... },
          ...
      }
  }
  

• 创建示例:

  PUT address
  {
      "settings": {
          "number_of_shards": 1,		// 默认分片数为5 (复制时请去掉注释)
      	"number_of_replicas": 0		    // 默认副本数为1
      },
      "mappings": {
      	"province": {
          	"properties": {
          		"description": {
          	  		"type": "text"
          		}
        		}
      	}
    	}
  }
  

• 响应信息:

  {
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "address"
  }
  

2 查看索引

• 查看示例:

  GET address
  
  // 也可同时查看多个索引, 类似于删除操作: 
  GET *
  GET _all
  GET index_*
  GET address,shop
  
  // 也可指定返回某些指定项的结果:
  GET address/_settings,_mappings
  

• 弃用提示: 查看索引时, 若通过","分隔要返回的结果, Elasticsearch将抛出如下错误:

  #! Deprecation: Requesting comma-separated features is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0+, retrieve all features instead.

  意为: Elasticsearch不推荐使用逗号分隔功能, 将在6.0+中删除. 建议不要使用",", 而是直接检索全部数据, 或检索某一项的结果.

• 响应信息:

  {
    "address": {
      "aliases": {},
      "mappings": {
        "province": {
          "properties": {
            "description": {
              "type": "text"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "settings": {
        "index": {
          "creation_date": "1542108754899",
          "number_of_shards": "1",
          "number_of_replicas": "0",
          "uuid": "MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw",
          "version": {
            "created": "5061099"
          },
          "provided_name": "address"
        }
      }
    }
  }
  

• 索引不存在异常:

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  如果要查看的索引不存在, 将抛出如下异常信息:

  {
    "error": {
      "root_cause": [
        {
          "type": "index_not_found_exception",
          "reason": "no such index",
          "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
          "resource.id": "addre",
          "index_uuid": "_na_",
          "index": "addre"
        }
      ],
      "type": "index_not_found_exception",
      "reason": "no such index",
      "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
      "resource.id": "addre",
      "index_uuid": "_na_",
      "index": "addre"
    },
    "status": 404
  }
  

3 修改索引

• 修改示例:

  PUT address/_settings
  {
      "number_of_replicas": 1		// number_of_shards参数只能在创建索引时设置, 不支持修改
  }
  

4 删除索引

删除索引需要指明索引名称、别名或通配符.

Elasticsearch支持同时删除多个索引, 或使用 _all 或 通配符* 删除全部索引.

• 删除示例:

  DELETE address			// 删除指定索引
  DELETE index1,index2		// 删除多个索引
  DELETE index_*			// 按通配符删除以'index_'开头的索引
  DELETE _all				// 删除全部索引
  

• 为避免误删除全部索引, 可在配置文件elasticsearch.yml中作如下配置:

  action.destructive_requires_name: true  # 要求操作索引时必须指定索引的名称
  

5 打开/关闭索引

只能关闭一个打开的索引;

只能打开一个已经关闭的索引;

关闭的索引只能显示索引元数据, 不能进行读写操作.

• 操作示例:

  POST address/_close
  POST address/_open
  
  // 可以使用_all打开或关闭全部索引, 也可使用通配符(*)配合操作
  

• 注意事项:

  • 修改已经关闭了的索引, 将抛出如下错误:

    {
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason": "Can't update [index.number_of_replicas] on closed indices [[address/MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw]] - can leave index in an unopenable state"
          }
        ],
        "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason": "Can't update [index.number_of_replicas] on closed indices [[address/MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw]] - can leave index in an unopenable state"
      },
      "status": 400
    }
    

  • 使用_all或通配符标注索引的操作, 也会受到[删除索引]中 action.destructive_requires_name=true 的限制.

  • 关闭的索引会继续占用磁盘空间, 却又不能使用 —— 造成磁盘空间的浪费.

  • 可以在配置文件中禁止使用关闭索引的功能: settingscluster.indices.close.enable=true, 默认为true, 即开启

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作者: ma_shoufeng(马瘦风)

出处: CSDN 马瘦风的博客

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