C语言实现简易三子棋小游戏

在写程序之前，我们首先要理清思路。首先要有菜单来选择是否玩游戏，其次就是玩游戏时棋盘的打印，然后就是下棋，玩家下，电脑下，最后判断输赢。大致的思路就是这样，具体实现过程为：
1. 创建头文件game.h，源文件test.c和game.c
game.h用来定义宏和函数
test.c用来调用函数，逻辑实现三子棋游戏
game.c用来实现函数
2.打印菜单。菜单的打印很简单，只需要几个printf()语句就可以了。

void menu()
{
    printf("#################################\n");
    printf("########    1. play      ########\n");
    printf("########    0. exit      ########\n");
    printf("#################################\n");
}

菜单打印完需要选择，这时就要用到switch()语句，而无论玩不玩游戏至少要打印一次菜单，所以用do while循环来执行。代码如下：

void test()
{
    int input = 0;
    do
    {
        menu();
        printf("请选择> \n");
        scanf("%d", &input);
        switch (input)
        {
        case 1:
            game();
            break;
        case 0:
            printf("退出程序\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("选择错误，重新选择！\n");
            break;
        }
    } while (input);
}

3.棋盘的打印，三子棋是一个3x3的棋盘，所以要创建一个二维数组，打印棋盘前要把数组初始化为空格，然后进行打印。代码如下：
初始化数组

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    memset(board, ' ', row*col*sizeof board[0][0]);
}

打印棋盘

void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
            if (j < col - 1)
            {
                printf("|");
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
        if (i < row - 1)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
            {
                printf("---");

                if (j < col - 1)
                {
                    printf("|");
                }
            }
            printf("\n");
        } 
    }
}

4.玩家走，用X代替玩家的棋。代码如下：

void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        printf("请输入坐标：>\n");
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        if (x >= 1 && x <= row&&y >= 1 && y <= col)
        {
            if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
            {
                board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'X';
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                printf("该坐标被占，请重新输入坐标!\n");
            }
        }
        else
            printf("坐标非法！\n");
    }
}

5.电脑走，用O代替电脑的棋。rand()函数是获取随机值，调用该函数前要先调用srand()函数，该函数是随机数的生成器。模3是为了控制坐标的合法性。代码如下：

void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        x = rand() % 3;
        y = rand() % 3;
        if (board[x][y] == ' ')
        {
            board[x][y] = 'O';
            break;
        }
    }
}

6.判断输赢。赢有四种可能，一行下满，一列下满，两条对角线下满。

static char IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            if (board[i][j] == ' ')
                return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    //int m = IsFull(board, ROW, COL);
    for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
    {
        if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
            return board[0][i];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
            return board[i][0];
    }
    if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] != ' ')
        return board[0][0];
    if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] != ' ')
        return board[0][2];
    if (IsFull(board, ROW, COL) == 1)
        return 'p';
    return ' ';
}

最后，附上源码：
game.h

#ifndef __GAME_H__
#define __GAME_H__

#define ROW 3//这里定义为宏是为了便于修改
#define COL 3

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<time.h>

void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

#endif //__GAME_H__

test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void game()
{
    char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
    int ret = 0;
    InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化数组为' '
    PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
    while (1)
    {
        player_move(board, ROW, COL);//玩家走
        ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);//每走一次都要判断输赢
        if (ret!=' ')
            break;
        computer_move(board, ROW, COL);//电脑走
        PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
        ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
        if (ret != ' ')
            break;
    }
    ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
    if (ret == 'X')
    {
        printf("玩家赢！\n");
    }
    if (ret == 'O')
    {
        printf("电脑赢！\n");
    }
    if (ret == 'p')
    {
        printf("平局！\n");
    }
    PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);

}
void menu()
{
    printf("#################################\n");
    printf("########    1. play      ########\n");
    printf("########    0. exit      ########\n");
    printf("#################################\n");
}
void test()
{
    int input = 0;
    do
    {
        menu();
        printf("请选择> \n");
        scanf("%d", &input);
        switch (input)
        {
        case 1:
            game();
            break;
        case 0:
            printf("退出程序\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("选择错误，重新选择！\n");
            break;
        }
    } while (input);
}
int main()
{
    test();
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

game.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "game.h"
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    memset(board, ' ', row*col*sizeof board[0][0]);
}
void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
            if (j < col - 1)
            {
                printf("|");
            }
        }
        printf("\n");
        if (i < row - 1)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
            {
                printf("---");

                if (j < col - 1)
                {
                    printf("|");
                }
            }
            printf("\n");
        } 
    }
}
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        printf("请输入坐标：>\n");
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        if (x >= 1 && x <= row&&y >= 1 && y <= col)
        {
            if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
            {
                board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'X';
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                printf("该坐标被占，请重新输入坐标!\n");
            }
        }
        else
            printf("坐标非法！\n");
    }
}
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        x = rand() % 3;
        y = rand() % 3;
        if (board[x][y] == ' ')
        {
            board[x][y] = 'O';
            break;
        }
    }
}
static char IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            if (board[i][j] == ' ')
                return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
    {
        if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
            return board[0][i];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
            return board[i][0];
    }
    if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] != ' ')
        return board[0][0];
    if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[0][2] != ' ')
        return board[0][2];
    if (IsFull(board, ROW, COL) == 1)
        return 'p';
    return ' ';
}

效果展示

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