Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'

最近准备搭一个maven多模块项目架构，在搭的过程中遇到了各种问题，我把花时间比较长的记下来，也算是长点经验。

把spring-context.xml和spring-mvc.xml文件放到项目里时，有叉号，我把头文件的4.1.xsd改成4.1.9.xsd之后不报错了，但是启动tomcat时控制台报下面的错误：

严重: StandardWrapper.Throwable

org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 7 in XML document from file [E:\soft\apache-tomcat-7.0.40\wtpwebapps\hfwy-business\WEB-INF\classes\spring-mvc.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 7; columnNumber: 128; cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.

at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:399)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)

at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)

at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:541)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:452)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:664)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:630)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:678)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:549)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:490)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)

at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1280)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1088)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5123)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5407)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

于是我开始各种查询，基本上大家都说是xsd版本和spring版本不匹配，还有说是spring解析不了远程的xsd文件，需要把xsd文件放到本地，我照做后依然报错，于是我开始查询spring mvc的头，最后终于被我看到有个文件的xsd是没有版本的，我把我之前加的4.1.9的xsd删除后启动成功了。

这是没修改之前的xsd，一直报错

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

修改成这样就不报错了

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'

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