18匿名管道

管道概念

进程间通信工具, 把数据从一端输出到另一端

如  ps –ef | grep pts

相当于 1:  ps –ef  > tmpfile   2: grep pts < tmpfile

半双工通信

无名管道(直接称之为管道), 只能用于父子进程或者兄弟进程间通信。

命名管道 , 可以用于所有进程间通信

管道创建

<unistd.h>

int pipe( int fds[2] )

成功返回  0 , 失败返回 -1

fds[0] 用于读取,  fds[1] 用于写入

思路:

管道(单向)创建流程 (父进程发送信息到子进程)

1:  创建管道  pipe()  获取管道 fds[0] (读取), fds[1] (写入)

2:  创建子进程 fork()   子进程继承  fds[0], fds[1]

3:  父进程关闭读取功能  close(fds[0])

4:  子进程关闭写入功能  close(fds[1])

5:父进程写信息到 fds[1]

6:子进程读信息从 fds[0]

单向管道

例子: 父进程发送消息到子进程

#include <stdio.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <ctype.h>

void testSinglePipe()

{

      int fds[2];

      pid_t pid;

      char buf[128]={0};

      //-1 crete pipe fail

      if(pipe(fds))

      {

           perror("fail pipe!");

           return ;

      }

      //printf("fds[%d,%d]\n",fds[0],fds[1]);

     

      // 0 sucess

     

      pid=fork();

      //-1 fail

      if(pid<0)

      {

           perror("fail fork!");

           return ;

      }

      //child process

      else if(pid==0)

      {

           printf("child pid:[%d]\n",getpid());

           //ban write in child

           close(fds[1]);

          

           while(1)

           {   

                 usleep(100);

                 memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));

                

                 //read message from parent

                 read(fds[0],buf,sizeof(buf));           

                

                 printf("child receive:%s\n",buf); 

           }

           close(fds[0]);

           return ;

      }

      //parent process

      else

      {

           //printf("parent pid:[%d]",getpid());

           //ban read in parent

           close(fds[0]);

          

           while(1)

           {

                 usleep(100);

                 //==printf()

                 //fprintf(stderr,"parent send:");

                 write(STDOUT_FILENO,""parent send:"",strlen("parent send:"));              

                

                 memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));

                 //scanf()

                 read(STDIN_FILENO,buf,sizeof(buf));    

                 //scanf("%s",buf);

                 //send message to child

                 write(fds[1],buf,strlen(buf));

           }

           close(fds[1]);

           return ;

      }

}

read(STDIN_FILENO,buf,sizeof(buf))和scanf("%s",buf)的好坏:

scanf("%s",buf),对方无法一次性接受有空格的字符。如:hello world,就会被分成两部分显示child receive:hello  child receive:world.

read(STDIN_FILENO,buf,sizeof(buf)),对方可以一次性接受所有字符。但是回车键也会被打印出来。因此child receive:hello world每一次后面都空白多一行。

双向管道

创建两个管道,分别用于两个进程的输入和输出。

思路与单向管道一致,但要区别父子进程的读或写的关闭。

例子:父进程发送字符串给子进程,子进程处理完毕后(转大写),返回给父进程输出

void testDoublePipe()

{

      int fdsA[2];  //parent->child

      int fdsB[2];  //child->parent

      pid_t pid;

      char recv[128]={0};

      char send[128]={0};

      //-1 fail

      if(pipe(fdsA)||pipe(fdsB))

      {

           perror("fail pipe!");

           return ;

      }

     

      // 0 sucess

      pid=fork();

      //-1 fail

      if(pid<0)

      {

           perror("fail fork!");

           return ;

      }

      //child

      else if(pid==0)

      {

           printf("child pid:[%d]\n",getpid());

           //ban write of child

           close(fdsA[1]);

           //ban read of parent

           close(fdsB[0]);

          

           while(1)

           {   

                 usleep(100);

                 memset(recv,0,sizeof(recv));

                 //recv message from parent

                 read(fdsA[0],recv,sizeof(recv));             

                 printf("child receive:%s\n",recv);

                

                 //change from lower to upper

                 int i=0;

                 for(;i<strlen(recv);i++)

                 {

                      send[i]=toupper(recv[i]);

                 }

                 send[i]='\0';

                

                 //send message to parent

                 write(fdsB[1],send,strlen(send));

           }

           close(fdsA[1]);

           close(fdsB[0]); 

           return ;

      }

      //parent

      else

      {

           //printf("parent pid:[%d]",getpid());

           //ban read of parent

           close(fdsA[0]);

           //ban write of child

           close(fdsB[1]);

          

           while(1)

           {

                 usleep(100);

                 //==printf()

                 //fprintf(stderr,"parent send:");

                 write(STDOUT_FILENO,"parent send:",strlen("parent send:"));           

                

                 memset(send,0,sizeof(send));

                 //==scanf()

                 read(STDIN_FILENO,send,sizeof(send)); 

                 //scanf("%s",buf);

                

                 //send message to child

                 write(fdsA[1],send,strlen(send));

                

                 //teturn message from child

                 read(fdsB[0],recv,sizeof(recv));

                 printf("child return:%s\n",recv);  

           }

           close(fdsA[1]);

           close(fdsB[0]);

           return ;

      }

}

理清双向管道,关闭问题:

int fdsA[2];  //parent->child

int fdsB[2];  //child->parent

[1] 写权限,[0]读权限

对于父进程:

int fdsA[2]; parent->child

从父进程到子进程,父进程只能写,因此把读权限关闭,close(fdsA[0])

int fdsB[2]; child->parent

从父进程到子进程,父进程只能读,因此把写权限关闭,close(fdsB[1])

同理,对于子进程:

int fdsA[2]; parent->child

从子进程到父进程,子进程只能读,因此把写权限关闭,close(fdsA[1])

int fdsB[2]; child->parent

从子进程到父进程,子进程只能写,因此把读权限关闭,close(fdsB[0])

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/gd-luojialin/p/9216009.html