opencv-python图像梯度计算-Sobel算子，Scharr算子，laplacian算子

1 Sobel算子

dst = cv2.Sobel(src, ddepth, dx, dy, ksize)

• ddepth：图像的深度
• dx和dy分别表示水平和竖直方向
• ksize是Sobel算子的大小

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('data/pie.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 400))


def cv_show(img, name):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


sobelX = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=3)
cv_show(sobelX, 'sobelX')

取绝对值

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('data/pie.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 400))


def cv_show(img, name):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


sobelX = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=3)
sobelY = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=3)
# 白到黑是正数，黑到白是负数，所有的负数会被截断成0，所以要取绝对值
sobelX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelX)
sobelY = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelY)
cv_show(sobelX, 'sobelX')
cv_show(sobelY, 'sobelY')

import cv2
import numpy as np


def cv_show(im, name):
    cv2.imshow(name, im)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


img = cv2.imread('data/test2.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 400))

sobelX = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=3)
sobelY = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=3)

# 白到黑是正数，黑到白是负数，所有的负数会被截断成0，所以要取绝对值
sobelX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelX)
sobelY = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelY)
cv_show(sobelX, 'sobelX')
cv_show(sobelY, 'sobelY')

# 分别计算x和y，再求和
sobelXY = cv2.addWeighted(sobelX, 0.5, sobelY, 0.5, 0)
cv_show(sobelXY, 'sobelXY')

# 直接计算x和y（不推荐）
sobel_XY = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 1, ksize=3)
cv_show(sobel_XY, 'sobel_XY')

只计算X方向

只计算Y方向

X方向+Y方向

X方向和Y方向一起计算

2 Scharr算子

对变化更加敏感

3 Laplacian算子

二阶推导，对噪声敏感

import cv2
import numpy as np


def cv_show(im, name):
    cv2.imshow(name, im)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


img = cv2.imread('data/test2.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 400))

sobelX = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=3)
sobelY = cv2.Sobel(img, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=3)

# 白到黑是正数，黑到白是负数，所有的负数会被截断成0，所以要取绝对值
sobelX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelX)
sobelY = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelY)

# 分别计算x和y，再求和
sobelXY = cv2.addWeighted(sobelX, 0.5, sobelY, 0.5, 0)

# 直接计算x和y（不推荐）
scharrX = cv2.Scharr(img, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0)
scharrY = cv2.Scharr(img, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1)
scharrX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(scharrX)
scharrY = cv2.convertScaleAbs(scharrY)
scharrXY = cv2.addWeighted(scharrX, 0.5, scharrY, 0.5, 0)

laplacian = cv2.Laplacian(img, cv2.CV_64F)
laplacian = cv2.convertScaleAbs(laplacian)

res = np.hstack([img, sobelXY, scharrXY, laplacian])
cv_show(res, 'res')