位图：STL中bitset的使用

1、构造函数

(1)bitset ( );//空的，默认设置为0
(2)bitset ( unsigned long val );  //参数可以使字符串，

使用

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <bitset>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
    bitset<10> first;                   // empty bitset
    bitset<10> second (120ul);          // initialize from unsigned long
    bitset<10> third (string("01011")); // initialize from string
    cout << first << endl;   // 00000 00000
    cout << second << endl;  // 00011 11000（120的二进制表示）
    cout << third << endl;  //  00000 01011
    return 0;
}

2、bit access：operator[]

bool operator[] ( size_t pos ) const;
reference operator[] ( size_t pos );

使用

bitset<4> mybits;
mybits[1]=1;             // 0010
mybits[2]=mybits[1];     // 0110
cout << "mybits: " << mybits << endl

3、Bit operations:

bit::set

bitset<N>& set ( ); //全部设置为1
bitset<N>& set ( size_t pos, bool val = true );

bit::reset

bitset<N>& reset ( ); //全部设置为0，复位
bitset<N>& reset ( size_t pos ); //指定位置设为0

bitset::flip 取反

changes all 0s for 1s and all 1s for 0s.
改变所有的0位1，改变所有的1位0。

bitset<N>& flip ( ); //全部取反
bitset<N>& flip ( size_t pos );//指定位置取反

4、Bitset operations:

(1) bitset::to_ulong

将位图转换为unsigned long

bitset<4> mybits;     // mybits: 0000
mybits.set();         // mybits: 1111
mybits.to_ulong();    //  15

(2)bitset::to_string

将位图转化为string

string mystring;
bitset<4> mybits;     // mybits: 0000
mybits.set();         // mybits: 1111
mystring=mybits.to_string<char,char_traits<char>,allocator<char> >();
cout << "mystring: " << mystring << endl; //1111

(3)bitset::count

bitset<8> myset (string("10110011"));
cout << "myset has " << int(myset.count()) << " ones ";
cout << "and " << int(myset.size()-myset.count()) << " zeros.\n";
// myset has 5 ones and 3 zeros

(4)bitset::size

size_t size() const;
//Return size
//Returns the number of bits in the bitset.

(5)bitset::test

判断某个位置是否被设置为true，
注：位图是从右边起始位置为0的位置

bitset<5> mybits (string("01011"));
cout << "mybits contains:\n";
for (size_t i=0; i<mybits.size(); ++i)
cout << mybits.test(i) << endl;

输出：

mybits contains:
true
true
false
true
false

(6)bitset::any

测试所有的bit位是否被设置

bool any ( ) const;
//Test if any bit is set
//Returns whether any of the bits in the bitset is set.

(7)bitset::none

测试是否所有bit位没有被设置

bool none ( ) const;
//Test if no bit is set
//Returns whether none of the bits in the bitset are set.

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/wenqiang1208/article/details/76739120