Ubuntu上用cmake编译安装OpenCV

本文采用环境：Ubuntu14.04 + OpenCV-3.4.0

兼容OpenCV-2.4.xxx OpenCV-3.xx

一、源码准备：opencv、cmake

1、opencv官网 https://opencv.org/ 下载源码包：opencv-3.4.0.tar.gz

2、cmake官网 https://cmake.org/ 下载源码包：cmake-3.10.2.tar.gz

二、安装cmake

1、解压源码、进入解压后的目录

$ tar -zxvf cmake-3.10.2.tar.gz

$ cd cmake-3.10.2

2、读README.rst文档，按说明操作：

解读：首先要有C++编译器，而且要支持C++11标准的（g++版本太低会出错，请自行升级）；然后运行$ ./bootstrap 脚本进行配置，可以使用一些项如“--help”、“--prefix”（安装目录）； bootstrap成功后，执行$ make $ make install。

总之，就三个命令：

$ ./bootstrap

$ make

$ sudo make install

安装完成，检测下：

$ cmake --version

搞定，就是这么简单。

PS：据说还有一种更简单粗暴的方法：

$ sudo apt-get install cmake

三、安装依赖库

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libtiff4-dev libswscale-dev libjasper-dev

四、安装Opencv

1、解压源码、进入解压后的目录

$ tar -zxvf opencv-3.4.0.tar.gz

$ cd opencv-3.4.0

2、创建编译文件夹build，进入build

$ mkdir build

$cd build

3、执行以下命令，CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=路径，"..": CMakeLists.txt路径（解压后的opencv中）

$ cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

这一步，在3.2.0版本时出了点意外，会出现以下错误：

-- ICV: Downloading ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz...
CMake Error at 3rdparty/ippicv/downloader.cmake:73 (file):
  file DOWNLOAD HASH mismatch

    for file: [/root/library/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/3rdparty/ippicv/downloads/linux-808b791a6eac9ed78d32a7666804320e/ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz]
      expected hash: [808b791a6eac9ed78d32a7666804320e]
        actual hash: [d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e]
             status: [1;"Unsupported protocol"]

Call Stack (most recent call first):
  3rdparty/ippicv/downloader.cmake:110 (_icv_downloader)
  cmake/OpenCVFindIPP.cmake:243 (include)
  cmake/OpenCVFindLibsPerf.cmake:37 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:558 (include)


CMake Error at 3rdparty/ippicv/downloader.cmake:77 (message):
  ICV: Failed to download ICV package: ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz.
  Status=1;"Unsupported protocol"
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  3rdparty/ippicv/downloader.cmake:110 (_icv_downloader)
  cmake/OpenCVFindIPP.cmake:243 (include)
  cmake/OpenCVFindLibsPerf.cmake:37 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:558 (include)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/root/library/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/root/library/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".

百度查了下：安装opencv的过程中要下载ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz，由于网络的原因，这个文件经常会下载失败。

解决方法：

1.手动下载 ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz ；可以百度一下，一大堆。

2.创建 opencv-3.2.0/3rdparty/ippicv/downloads/linux-808b791a6eac9ed78d32a7666804320e/ 目录

不要照抄！！！该目录根据输出的错误信息选择创建，如上：（特意将那么多行的错误信息贴出来，就是为了说明这点）

for file: [/root/library/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/3rdparty/ippicv/downloads/linux-808b791a6eac9ed78d32a7666804320e/ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz]

3.将下载的文件放置该目录下；

4.重新执行 cmake 命令即可。

4、编译（未知错误：Ubuntu1204出错，1404正常；猜测可能是依赖库的版本问题）

$ make

5、安装

$ make install

6、配置opencv的环境变量

$ vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf （文件或为空，新创建）

添加：/usr/local/lib

$ ldconfig //使生效

7、配置bash

$ vi /etc/bash.bashrc

文末添加以下两行：

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

$ source /etc/bash.bashrc //使生效

五、测试

使用自带测试用例，在samples/cpp/example_cmake下

有兴趣的可以阅读下example_cmake下 CMakeLists.txt 是如何写的，里面有大量注释。

$ cmake .

$ make

$ ./opencv_example

1、无摄像头环境：

Built with OpenCV 3.4.0
No capture

2、有摄像头环境：

Built with OpenCV 3.4.0
Capture is opened
select timeout
select timeout
OpenCV Error: Assertion failed (total() == 0 || data != __null) in Mat, file /root/library/opencv/opencv-3.4.0/modules/core/include/opencv2/core/mat.inl.hpp, line 500
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception'
what(): /root/library/opencv/opencv-3.4.0/modules/core/include/opencv2/core/mat.inl.hpp:500: error: (-215) total() == 0 || data != __null in function Mat

已放弃 (核心已转储)

运行出错：打开摄像头超时！！！

尚未找到原因，先搁置一边。

此问题已解决，详见【虚拟机Ubuntu打开摄像头失败及OpenCV打开摄像头超时的问题】！！！

解决问题后的效果：

篇后话：

opencv安装好了，下篇将开始写第一个opencv工程。

备注：参考博客 http://blog.csdn.net/cocoaqin/article/details/78163171

Ubuntu上用cmake编译安装OpenCV

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