Springmvc（一）SpringMVC 的入门案例

SpringMVC 的入门案例

工程的创建

1. 创建WEB工程，引入开发的jar包

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.yg.springmvc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
        <!-- 版本锁定 -->
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

2. 配置核心的控制器（配置DispatcherServlet）

在web.xml配置文件中核心控制器DispatcherServlet

web.xml:

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置springmvc控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--配置初始化参数，用于读取Springmvc的配置文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--配置servlet的对象创建时间点：
    应用加载时创建。取值只能是非0的整数，表示启动循序
    -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3. 编写springmvc.xml的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.yg">
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>

4. 编写index.jsp和HelloController控制器类

index.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门案例</h3>
<a href="hello">入门案例</a>
</body>
</html>

HelloController :

package com.yg;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * 控制器
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    /**
     * 接受请求
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        System.out.println("HelloController的sayHello方法执行了");
        return "success";
    }
}

5. 在WEB-INF目录下创建pages文件夹，编写success.jsp的成功页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>欢迎使用springmvc</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>加油加油！！！</h3>
</body>
</html>

6. 启动Tomcat服务器，进行测试

案例的执行过程

1、服务器启动，应用被加载。读取到 web.xml 中的配置创建 spring 容器并且初始化容器中的对象。
从入门案例中可以看到的是：HelloController 和 InternalResourceViewResolver，但是远不
止这些。
2、浏览器发送请求，被 DispatherServlet 捕获，该 Servlet 并不处理请求，而是把请求转发出去。转发
的路径是根据请求 URL，匹配@RequestMapping 中的内容。
3、匹配到了后，执行对应方法。该方法有一个返回值。
4、根据方法的返回值，借助 InternalResourceViewResolver 找到对应的结果视图。
5、渲染结果视图，响应浏览器。