踩的坑多了，做个小记！
1、下载
[root@localhost src]# wget http://ftp.hosteurope.de/mirror/archive.mariadb.org//mariadb-10.4.6/source/mariadb-10.4.6.tar.gz
2、安装基础软件支持
[root@localhost src]#yum install boost gcc ncurses-devel libaio bison gcc-c++ git cmake ncurses-devel openssl openssl-devel –y
3、创建组与用户
[root@localhost src]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql
4、解压、预编译、编译、安装
[root@localhost src]# tar -xvf mariadb-10.4.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd mariadb-10.4.6
[root@localhost mariadb-10.4.6]#cmake -j4 . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariadb \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mariadb/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mariadb \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITHOUT_TOKUDB=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[root@localhost mariadb-10.4.6]#make -j4
[root@localhost mariadb-10.4.6]#make install -j4
5、配置启动文件及权限等
[root@localhost mariadb-10.4.6]# cd /usr/local/mariadb/
[root@localhost mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mariadb]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mariadb]# mkdir -p /data/mariadb/
[root@localhost mariadb]# chown -R mysql. /data/mariadb
[root@localhost mariadb]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mariadb/
[root@localhost mariadb]# vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/
datadir=/data/mariadb/
port=3306
pid-file=/data/mariadb/mysql.pid
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mariadb/mysql.log
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
6、数据初始化
/usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mariadb
[root@localhost mariadb]# /usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mariadb
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mariadb' ...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
Two all-privilege accounts were created.
One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to
be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql
The second is root@localhost, it has no password either, but
you need to be the system 'root' user to connect.
After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be
able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudo
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr/local/mariadb' ; /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mariadb'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/local/mariadb/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
7、base目录权限切回root
[root@localhost mariadb]# chown -R root. /usr/local/mariadb/
8、再次确认数据目录权限为mysql:mysql，如果不是，则修改
[root@localhost mariadb]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mariadb/
9、可以启动及登录mariadb了
[root@localhost mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 24
Server version: 10.4.6-MariaDB Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
10、数据安全配置
mysql_secure_installation
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
注：
1、4以上版本root登录mariadb时是免密登录的
2、初始化数据库时，见以下报错，直接去掉–user=mysql
chown: cannot access ‘/auth_pam_tool_dir’: No such file or directory
Cannot change ownership of the '/auth_pam_tool_dir' directory
to the 'mysql' user. Check that you have the necessary permissions and try again.
3、启动时报如下错误，可以先确认数据目录拥有者是否为mysql
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