Android开发的各位应该都碰到过这样的问题，我们在项目上线之后，经常会临时被告知某个小功能需要被修改，或者说上线了之后才发现某个bug需要紧急修复，于是总能匆匆忙改了段代码又得上线新的版本，极其麻烦，Tinker 是是微信官方的 Android 热修复解决方案，能让用户在没有察觉，没有更新app的情况下实现修复。
比较一下各个热修复实现方案。
添加依赖
首先添加插件到project的build.gradle:
buildscript {
dependencies {
classpath ('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-patch-gradle-plugin:1.9.1')
}
}
后面需要把文件存入手机sd卡中，给权限，如果手机6.0或以上，请添加动态权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
在app的build.gradle中引用插件并添加依赖：
apply plugin: 'com.tencent.tinker.patch'
dependencies {
//optional, help to generate the final application
provided('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno:1.9.1')
//tinker's main Android lib
compile('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-lib:1.9.1')
}
sync之后，会报一个错误，
tinkerId is not set!!!
这是由于在运行过程中需要验证基准apk包的tinkerId是否和补丁包的tinkerId相等，决定了补丁包能运行在哪些基准包上，一般使用git版本号、versionName
tinker配置
复制官方的demo中的配置：（在build.gradle中配置）
//-----------------------tinker配置区-----------------------------
def bakPath = file("${buildDir}/bakApk/")
//def gitSha() {//该方法需要安装git，并将项目与git建立连接，本例中不使用git，故注释
// try {
// String gitRev = 'git rev-parse --short HEAD'.execute(null, project.rootDir).text.trim()
// if (gitRev == null) {
// throw new GradleException("can't get git rev, you should add git to system path or just input test value, such as 'testTinkerId'")
// }
// return gitRev
// } catch (Exception e) {
// throw new GradleException("can't get git rev, you should add git to system path or just input test value, such as 'testTinkerId'")
// }
//}
/**
* you can use assembleRelease to build you base apk
* use tinkerPatchRelease -POLD_APK= -PAPPLY_MAPPING= -PAPPLY_RESOURCE= to build patch
* add apk from the build/bakApk
*/
ext {
//for some reason, you may want to ignore tinkerBuild, such as instant run debug build?
tinkerEnabled = true
//for normal build
//old apk file to build patch apk
tinkerOldApkPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47.apk"
//proguard mapping file to build patch apk
tinkerApplyMappingPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47-mapping.txt"
//resource R.txt to build patch apk, must input if there is resource changed
tinkerApplyResourcePath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47-R.txt"
//only use for build all flavor, if not, just ignore this field
tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory = "${bakPath}/app-1018-17-32-47"
}
def getOldApkPath() {
return hasProperty("OLD_APK") ? OLD_APK : ext.tinkerOldApkPath
}
def getApplyMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_MAPPING") ? APPLY_MAPPING : ext.tinkerApplyMappingPath
}
def getApplyResourceMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_RESOURCE") ? APPLY_RESOURCE : ext.tinkerApplyResourcePath
}
def getTinkerIdValue() {
// return hasProperty("TINKER_ID") ? TINKER_ID : gitSha()
return TINKER_ID //需要保证TINKER_ID有设置（在gradle.properties中）
}
def buildWithTinker() {
return hasProperty("TINKER_ENABLE") ? TINKER_ENABLE : ext.tinkerEnabled
}
def getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory() {
return ext.tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory
}
if (buildWithTinker()) {
apply plugin: 'com.tencent.tinker.patch'
tinkerPatch {
/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* the old apk path, use to diff with the new apk to build
* add apk from the build/bakApk
* 必须，默认为null
* 基准apk包的路径
*/
oldApk = getOldApkPath()
/**
*
* optional，default 'false'
* there are some cases we may get some warnings
* if ignoreWarning is true, we would just assert the patch process
* case 1: minSdkVersion is below 14, but you are using dexMode with raw.
* it must be crash when load.
* case 2: newly added Android Component in AndroidManifest.xml,
* it must be crash when load.
* case 3: loader classes in dex.loader{} are not keep in the main dex,
* it must be let tinker not work.
* case 4: loader classes in dex.loader{} changes,
* loader classes is ues to load patch dex. it is useless to change them.
* it won't crash, but these changes can't effect. you may ignore it
* case 5: resources.arsc has changed, but we don't use applyResourceMapping to build
*
* 可选，默认为false
* 当设置false，可能会出现以下警告：
* 1.minSdkVersion小于14，但你使用的是dexMode为"raw",加载时会崩溃
* 2.AndroidManifest.xml中新增的Android组件，加载时会崩溃。
* 3.dex.loader {}中的加载器类不保留在主dex中，会导致tinker无效
* 4.加载器类在dex.loader {}中发生变化，加载器类用于加载补丁dex。改变它们是没有用的。它不会崩溃，但这些更改不会生效。你可以忽略它
* 5.resources.arsc已更改，但我们不使用applyResourceMapping来构建
*/
ignoreWarning = true
/**
* optional，default 'true'
* whether sign the patch file
* if not, you must do yourself. otherwise it can't check success during the patch loading
* we will use the sign config with your build type
* 可选，默认为true
* 是否为你签名补丁文件
* 如果false，则需要自己签名
*/
useSign = true
/**
* Warning, applyMapping will affect the normal android build!
*/
buildConfig {
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* if we use tinkerPatch to build the patch apk, you'd better to apply the old
* apk mapping file if minifyEnabled is enable!
* Warning:
* you must be careful that it will affect the normal assemble build!
* 如果使用tinkerPatch构建补丁的apk，那么如果启用了minifyEnabled,则最好使用旧的apk mapping文件
*/
applyMapping = getApplyMappingPath()
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* It is nice to keep the resource id from R.txt file to reduce java changes
* 可以保留R.txt文件中的资源来减少java的更改
*/
applyResourceMapping = getApplyResourceMappingPath()
/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* because we don't want to check the base apk with md5 in the runtime(it is slow)
* tinkerId is use to identify the unique base apk when the patch is tried to apply.
* we can use git rev, svn rev or simply versionCode.
* we will gen the tinkerId in your manifest automatic
* 这里就是我们需要设置的tinkerId
*/
tinkerId = getTinkerIdValue()
/**
* if keepDexApply is true, class in which dex refer to the old apk.
* open this can reduce the dex diff file size.
* 如果为true，则dex指旧的apk，打开可以减少dex diff的文件大小
*/
keepDexApply = false
/**
* optional, default 'false'
* Whether tinker should treat the base apk as the one being protected by app
* protection tools.
* If this attribute is true, the generated patch package will contain a
* dex including all changed classes instead of any dexdiff patch-info files.
* 是否修补程序应该将基本apk视为受应用程序保护工具保护的那个。 如果此属性为true，
* 则生成的修补程序包将包含一个dex，其中包含所有已更改的类，而不是任何dexdiff patch-info文件。
*/
isProtectedApp = false
/**
* optional, default 'false'
* Whether tinker should support component hotplug (add new component dynamically).
* If this attribute is true, the component added in new apk will be available after
* patch is successfully loaded. Otherwise an error would be announced when generating patch
* on compile-time.
*
* <b>Notice that currently this feature is incubating and only support NON-EXPORTED Activity</b>
* 如果此属性为true，则新补丁程序中添加的组件将在补丁程序成功加载后可用。 否则在编译时生成补丁时会报错。
*/
supportHotplugComponent = false
}
dex {
/**
* optional，default 'jar'
* only can be 'raw' or 'jar'. for raw, we would keep its original format
* for jar, we would repack dexes with zip format.
* if you want to support below 14, you must use jar
* or you want to save rom or check quicker, you can use raw mode also
* 对于raw，会保留原来的格式，对于jar，会用zip格式重新打包dex，如果要支持14以下，必须使用jar，如果想保存rom或更快检查，则可使用raw
*/
dexMode = "jar"
/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* what dexes in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* 需要处理dex路径，支持*、?通配符，路径是相对安装包的
*/
pattern = ["classes*.dex",
"assets/secondary-dex-?.jar"]
/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* Warning, it is very very important, loader classes can't change with patch.
* thus, they will be removed from patch dexes.
* you must put the following class into main dex.
* Simply, you should add your own application {@code tinker.sample.android.SampleApplication}
* own tinkerLoader, and the classes you use in them
* 这一项非常重要，它定义了哪些类在加载补丁包的时候会用到。这些类是通过Tinker无法修改的类，也是一定要放在main dex的类。
* 这里需要定义的类有：
* 1. 你自己定义的Application类；
* 2. Tinker库中用于加载补丁包的部分类，即com.tencent.tinker.loader.*；
* 3. 如果你自定义了TinkerLoader，需要将它以及它引用的所有类也加入loader中；
* 4. 其他一些你不希望被更改的类，例如Sample中的BaseBuildInfo类。这里需要注意的是，这些类的直接引用类也需要加入到loader中。或者你需要将这个类变成非preverify。
* 5. 使用1.7.6版本之后版本，参数1、2会自动填写。
*
*/
loader = [
//use sample, let BaseBuildInfo unchangeable with tinker
"tinker.sample.android.app.BaseBuildInfo"
]
}
lib {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what library in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* for library in assets, we would just recover them in the patch directory
* you can get them in TinkerLoadResult with Tinker
* 库匹配
*/
pattern = ["lib/*/*.so"]
}
res {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what resource in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* you must include all your resources in apk here,
* otherwise, they won't repack in the new apk resources.
* 资源文件匹配
*/
pattern = ["res/*", "assets/*", "resources.arsc", "AndroidManifest.xml"]
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* the resource file exclude patterns, ignore add, delete or modify resource change
* it support * or ? pattern.
* Warning, we can only use for files no relative with resources.arsc
* 满足ignoreChange的pattern，在编译时会忽略该文件的新增、删除与修改。
*/
ignoreChange = ["assets/sample_meta.txt"]
/**
* default 100kb
* for modify resource, if it is larger than 'largeModSize'
* we would like to use bsdiff algorithm to reduce patch file size
* 对于修改的资源，如果大于largeModSize，将使用bsdiff算法。
* 这可以降低补丁包的大小，但是会增加合成时的复杂度。
*/
largeModSize = 100
}
packageConfig {//用于生成补丁包中的’package_meta.txt’文件
/**
* optional，default 'TINKER_ID, TINKER_ID_VALUE' 'NEW_TINKER_ID, NEW_TINKER_ID_VALUE'
* package meta file gen. path is assets/package_meta.txt in patch file
* you can use securityCheck.getPackageProperties() in your ownPackageCheck method
* or TinkerLoadResult.getPackageConfigByName
* we will get the TINKER_ID from the old apk manifest for you automatic,
* other config files (such as patchMessage below)is not necessary
*configField(“key”, “value”), 默认我们自动从基准安装包与新安装包的Manifest中读取tinkerId,并自动写入configField。
* 在这里，你可以定义其他的信息，在运行时可以通过TinkerLoadResult.getPackageConfigByName得到
*/
configField("patchMessage", "tinker is sample to use")
/**
* just a sample case, you can use such as sdkVersion, brand, channel...
* you can parse it in the SamplePatchListener.
* Then you can use patch conditional!
*/
configField("platform", "all")
/**
* patch version via packageConfig
*/
configField("patchVersion", "1.0")
}
//or you can add config filed outside, or get meta value from old apk
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test1", project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.getMetaDataFromOldApk("Test"))
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test2", "sample")
/**
* if you don't use zipArtifact or path, we just use 7za to try
*/
sevenZip {
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* the 7zip artifact path, it will use the right 7za with your platform
*/
zipArtifact = "com.tencent.mm:SevenZip:1.1.10"
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* you can specify the 7za path yourself, it will overwrite the zipArtifact value
*/
// path = "/usr/local/bin/7za"
}
}
List<String> flavors = new ArrayList<>();
project.android.productFlavors.each { flavor ->
flavors.add(flavor.name)
}
boolean hasFlavors = flavors.size() > 0
def date = new Date().format("MMdd-HH-mm-ss")
/**
* bak apk and mapping
*/
android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
/**
* task type, you want to bak
*/
def taskName = variant.name
tasks.all {
if ("assemble${taskName.capitalize()}".equalsIgnoreCase(it.name)) {
it.doLast {
copy {
def fileNamePrefix = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}"
def newFileNamePrefix = hasFlavors ? "${fileNamePrefix}" : "${fileNamePrefix}-${date}"
def destPath = hasFlavors ? file("${bakPath}/${project.name}-${date}/${variant.flavorName}") : bakPath
from variant.outputs.first().outputFile
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("${fileNamePrefix}.apk", "${newFileNamePrefix}.apk")
}
from "${buildDir}/outputs/mapping/${variant.dirName}/mapping.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("mapping.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-mapping.txt")
}
from "${buildDir}/intermediates/symbols/${variant.dirName}/R.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("R.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-R.txt")
}
}
}
}
}
}
project.afterEvaluate {
//sample use for build all flavor for one time
if (hasFlavors) {
task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorRelease) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Release")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}ReleaseManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 15)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-R.txt"
}
}
}
task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorDebug) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Debug")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}DebugManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 13)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-R.txt"
}
}
}
}
}
}
//---------------------tinker配置结束----------------------------------
然后在gradle.properties中加入配置
TINKER_VERSION=1.0
TINKER_ID=1.0
TINKER_ENABLE=true
生成Application
创建类SampleApplicationLike继承DefaultApplicationLike，将原本在Application里处理的逻辑移到该类，并添加注解（就是写完这个类后点击make project会在内部生成一个Application）
@DefaultLifeCycle(
application = "这里写你的包名.MyApp"，
//这里填写包名和你想要生成的Application类名，tinker会自动生成该类
flags = ShareConstants.TINKER_ENABLE_ALL) //tinkerFlags above
public class SampleApplicationLike extends DefaultApplicationLike {
public SampleApplicationLike(Application application, int tinkerFlags, boolean
tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, long applicationStartElapsedTime, long
applicationStartMillisTime, Intent tinkerResultIntent) {
super(application, tinkerFlags, tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, applicationStartElapsedTime,
applicationStartMillisTime, tinkerResultIntent);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//....原有的Application的处理逻辑
if (BuildConfig.DEBUG)
Timber.plant(new Timber.DebugTree());
}
@Override
public void onBaseContextAttached(Context base) {
super.onBaseContextAttached(base);
//you must install multiDex whatever tinker is installed!
MultiDex.install(base);
TinkerInstaller.install(this);
}
}
这时会报错
javaCompileOptions { annotationProcessorOptions { includeCompileClasspath = true } }
开始测试
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView tinker;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView()；
tinker.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "修复bug！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplication().getApplicationContext(), Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/patch.patch");
}
});
}
private void initView() {
tinker = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tinker);
}
}
activity_main.xml:
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="修复前"
android:id="@+id/tinker"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
同步项目
编译完成，运行之后，会在build下生成备份的apk文件
这个时候相当于已经把项目发布上去了，假设现在临时有一个需求，要修改textView的内容，这次不需要再打包，找到build.gradle下tinker配置，修改成和bakApk一致:
先在MainActivity中添加了一行代码，再去同步：
tvBug.setText("修复了");
找到这个位置
这里选择你的补丁包环境，我这里用做测试，所以选的tinkerPatchDebug，双击,运行结束之后，可以在outputs下看到补丁文件：
我们将箭头处的patch_signed_7zip.apk改为patch.patch（根据自己前面设置的路径名称），接着复制到任意盘（我弄的D盘）,拷贝到手机对应目录下，或者模拟器的sdcard路径，点击button,程序会闪退，表示修复成功了，再进去就变成了
最后，由于bakApk每次运行都会生成新的apk文件，所以建议最好把线上的apk保存，以便修复时可以迅速找到apk，我在调试过程中为了防止不断创建apk，找到配置tinker的tinkerPatch里有一句
写死成固定的日期就可以了。到此tinker的简单集成介绍完了。
