DES加密解密
数据加密标准(Data Encryption Standard, DES)中的算法是第一个也是最重要的现代对称加密算法，其分组长度为64比特，使用的密钥长度为56比特(实际上函数要求一个64位的密钥作为输入，但其中用到的有效长度只有56位，剩余8位可作为奇偶校验位或完全随意设置)，DES加解密过程类似，加解密使用同样的算法，唯一不同的是解密时子密钥的使用次序要反过来。DES的整个体制是公开的，系统安全性完全依靠密钥的保密。
加密流程
运行模式
常见的四种模式如下：
| 模式 | 描述 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| 电码本模式(ECB) | 每个明文组独立地以同一密钥加密 | 传送短数据(如一个加密密钥) |
| 密码分组链接模式(CBC) | 加密算法的输入是当前明文组与前一密文组的异或 | 传送数据分组；认证 |
| 密码反馈模式(CFB) | 每次只处理输入的j比特，将上一次的密文作加密算法的输入以产生伪随机输出，该输出再与当前明文异或以产生当前密文 | 传送数据流；认证 |
| 输出反馈模式(OFB) | 与CFB类似不同之处是本次加密算法的输入为前一次加密算法的输出 | 有绕信道上(如卫星通信)传送数据流 |
c++代码实现DES加密解密
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
//IP置换表
int IP[64] = {
58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2,60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,
62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7
};
//IP-1逆置换表
int IP_1[64] = {
40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31,
38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29,
36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27,
34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26,33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25
};
//E扩展置换表
int E[48] = {
32,1,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,8,9,
8,9,10,11,12,13,12,13,14,15,16,17,
16,17,18,19,20,21,20,21,22,23,24,25,
24,25,26,27,28,29,28,29,30,31,32,1
};
//P置换表，引起雪崩效应
int P[32] = {
16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17,1,15,23,26,5,18,31,10,
2,8,24,14,32,27,3,9,19,13,30,6,22,11,4,25
};
//PC-1置换表
int PC_1[56] = {
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,58,50,42,34,26,18,
10,2,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,60,52,44,36,
63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7,62,54,46,38,30,22,
14,6,61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,28,20,12,4
};
//PC-2置换表
int PC_2[48] = {
14,17,11,24,1,5,3,28,15,6,21,10,
23,19,12,4,26,8,16,7,27,20,13,2,
41,52,31,37,47,55,30,40,51,45,33,48,
44,49,39,56,34,53,46,42,50,36,29,32
};
//左移位数表
int LeftMove[16] = {
1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1
};
// S盒
const static char S_Box[8][4][16] = {
//S1
14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7,
0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8,
4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0,
15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13,
//S2
15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10,
3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5,
0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15,
13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9,
//S3
10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8,
13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1,
13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7,
1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12,
//S4
7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15,
13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9,
10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4,
3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14,
//S5
2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9,
14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6,
4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14,
11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3,
//S6
12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11,
10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8,
9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6,
4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13,
//S7
4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1,
13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6,
1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2,
6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12,
//S8
13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7,
1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2,
7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8,
2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11
};
static bool SubKey[16][48];//用于存储16轮子密钥
void ByteToBit(bool *Out, const char *In, int bits)//字节转换成8位二进制
{
for(int i = 0; i < bits; i++)
{
Out[i] = (In[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 1;
}
}
void BitToByte(char *Out, const bool *In, int bits)//8位二进制转换成字节
{
memset(Out, 0, (bits+7)/8);
for(int i = 0; i < bits; i++)
{
Out[i/8] |= In[i] << (i%8);
}
}
void Xor(bool *InA, const bool *InB, int len)//异或
{
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
InA[i] ^= InB[i];
}
}
void RotateL(bool *In, int len, int loop)//循环左移
{
static bool Tmp[256];
memcpy(Tmp, In, loop);
memcpy(In, In+loop, len-loop);
memcpy(In+len-loop, Tmp, loop);
}
void Transform(bool *Out, bool *In, int *Table, int len)//对应置换表进行置换的函数
{
static bool Tmp[256];
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
Tmp[i] = In[ Table[i] - 1 ];
}
memcpy(Out, Tmp, len);
}
void Des_SetKey(const char Key[8])
{
static bool K[64], *KL = &K[0], *KR = &K[28];
ByteToBit(K, Key, 64); //字节转换成8位二进制
Transform(K, K, PC_1, 56); //PC-1变换
for(int i=0; i<16; i++)
{
RotateL(KL, 28, LeftMove[i]); //循环左移
RotateL(KR, 28, LeftMove[i]); //循环左移
Transform(SubKey[i], K, PC_2, 48); //PC-2变换
}
}
//S盒,输入6位的数，输出4位的数，将1,6位对应的十进制数作为行，2,3,4,5位对应的十进制数作为列
void S_func(bool Out[32], const bool In[48])
{
for(char i=0,j,k; i<8; i++,In+=6,Out+=4)
{
j = (In[0]<<1) + In[5];
k = (In[1]<<3) + (In[2]<<2) + (In[3]<<1) + In[4];
ByteToBit(Out, &S_Box[i][j][k], 4);
}
}
void F_func(bool In[32], const bool Ki[48])// f 函数
{
static bool MR[48];
Transform(MR, In, E, 48);//E扩展置换
Xor(MR, Ki, 48);
S_func(In, MR);
Transform(In, In, P, 32);//P置换
}
void Des_Run(char Out[8], char In[8], bool Type) //加密解密主函数
{
static bool M[64], Tmp[32], *Li = &M[0], *Ri = &M[32];
ByteToBit(M, In, 64); //字节转换成8位二进制
Transform(M, M, IP, 64); //IP置换
if(Type == 0) //加密算法
{
for(int i=0; i<16; i++)
{
memcpy(Tmp, Ri, 32);
F_func(Ri, SubKey[i]);
Xor(Ri, Li, 32);
memcpy(Li, Tmp, 32);
}
}else if(Type == 1) //解密算法
{
for(int i=15; i>=0; i--)
{
memcpy(Tmp, Li, 32);
F_func(Li, SubKey[i]);
Xor(Li, Ri, 32);
memcpy(Ri, Tmp, 32);
}
}
Transform(M, M, IP_1, 64); //IP-1逆置换
BitToByte(Out, M, 64); //8位二进制转换成字节
}
int main()
{
int len,m,n,i,j;
char key[8],p[100],c[100];
char str[8];
cout<<"请输入你要加密的密文："<<endl;
gets(p);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"请输入秘钥（8位）："<<endl;
gets(key);
cout<<endl;
//这里计算明文长度用于8个字符分组
len=strlen(p);
m=floor(len/8);
n=len%8;
//不够8位进行填充
for(i=len;i<(m+1)*8;i++)
p[i]='0';
cout<<"加密前的明文："<<endl;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
cout<<p[i];
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
//加密
Des_SetKey(key);
for(i=0;i<m+1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
str[j]=p[i*8+j];
Des_Run(str,str,0);
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
c[i*8+j]=str[j];
}
cout<<"加密后得到的密文："<<endl;
for(i=0;i<(m+1)*8;i++)
cout<<c[i];
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
//反解密
for(i=0;i<m+1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
str[j]=c[i*8+j];
Des_Run(str,str,1);
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
p[i*8+j]=str[j];
}
cout<<"反解密后得到的明文："<<endl;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
cout<<p[i];
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}
ECB模式
将主程序改为：
int main()
{
char key[8];
char *str=new char[8];
cout<<"请输入秘钥（8位）："<<endl;
gets(key);
cout<<"请输入你要加密的密文（8位）："<<endl;
gets(str);
cout<<"加密前的明文："<<endl;
puts(str);
Des_SetKey(key);
Des_Run(str,str,0);
cout<<"加密后得到的密文："<<endl;
puts(str);
cout<<"反解密得到的明文："<<endl;
Des_Run(str,str,1);
puts(str);
return 0;
}
测试结果
基础测试测试正确与否:
ECB模式测试：
