时态

一般现在时

概念

一般现在时只要用来表示人或事物的特点，经常或习惯性的动作以及现在的状况；还可以表示客观规律或者永恒真理

形式

肯定形式

主语+动词原形

I am Iron Man

否定形式

谓语为系动词时则为am/is/are+not;若谓语为行为动词，则在其前加don’t，若主语为第三人称单数则在动词原形前用doesn’t

一般疑问句形式

谓语动词是系动词则把系动词置于句首；若谓语动词为行为动词，用助动词do提问；若主语为第三人称单数则使用does提问，行为动词为原形。

Is she with you?

拓展

1：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍然使用一般现在时

Vibranium is stronger than stell and a thirld the weight

2：在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时可以代替一般将来时，常用引导词为

条件引导词,if、uncless、provide
If he studied in school,he will learn more knowledge.
时间引导词,when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute,the day

Farewell until we meet again.
mind,care,matter,make sure(certain),see to it +宾语从句的句型中

So long as you study hard in school,I don’t care how much money you spend
the more$\dots$ the more$\dots$句型中，若主句是一般将来时，通常从句使用一边现在时
The more weakness you show the more aggressive others will be

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一般过去时

概念

表示在过去某个确定时间里发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性动作，不强调对现在造成的影响，只说明过去
常用的时间状语有：
yesterday，last(week,year,day),in(1900),at that time,once,during the(war),before,a few days ago,when等。
I send a gift to my girlfriend last night.
I arrived in Beijing yesterday.

形式

肯定形式

主语$+$was/were或者行为动词的过去式$+$宾语
We often practiced playing basketball last year

否定形式

was/were$+$not或者在行为动词前加didn’t
I didn’t go to school yesterday.

一般疑问句形式

was或were置于句首，或是用助动词$do$的过去式$did$提问，行为动词为原形
Did you have the meeting yesterday.

拓展

used to + do表示过去经常但是现在已不再维持的习惯动作
He used to study hard.
be/become/get used to +doing表示习惯于做某事
I have got used to getting up early.
在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
I would not leave until your mom come back.
用过去时表示现在，委婉的语气
情态动词could,would
Could you lend me your dictionary?
动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend
I wondered if you could come here.

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一般将来时

概念

表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或者情况。
常用的时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,mouth,year$\dots$),soon,in a few minutes,by$\dots$,the day after tomorrow.
He will be thirty next year.
I will finish my job soon.

形式

肯定形式

be going to +do;will/shall + do;
Our school will hold the sports meeting in July.

否定形式

be not going to do;在will/shall + not
He isn’t going to buy that house.

一般疑问句形式

把be放在句首，把will/shall放在句首
Are you going to do shopping tomorrow.

拓展

一般将来时可以用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。
We will begin our party as soon as Tom comes.
(主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来)。
某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive，come，go,leave,start等，可以用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
祈使句+and/or+句子，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.

be 词组的特殊用法
be to +动词原形，表示必须，必然或计划将要做的事情
We are to be married this summer.
be about to +动词原形，表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
He is about to explode.
be going to +动词原形，表示打算要做的事情或者可能要发生的事情。
I am going to leave now.

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过去进行时

概念

表示某个时间正在发生的动作
常用的时间状语有：
at this time yesterday,at that time,this morning ,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while等。
We were having dinner when they came.

形式

肯定形式

was/were + doing
I was reading aloud while my brother was watching TV.

否定形式

was/were + not + doing
She wasn’t doing her homework when I got home.

一般疑问句形式

把was或were置于句首
Were you cooking the breakfast at eight yesterday morning?

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过去完成时

概念

表示过去某个时间已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”完成的动作
常用的时间状语：before,until,when,after,once,as soon as,by the end of last year(term,month)
When he got there,the train had already left.

形式

肯定形式

had + done
When the police arrived, the thief had run away.

否定形式

had + not + done
He said that he hadn’t learned any English before.

一般疑问句形式

把had 置于句首
Had she left the office when Miss Li went to get a book?

拓展

当动词为hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan时，用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望，打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could get the job.
I had expected to see you but I was too busy.
在hardly/scarely$\dots$，when,no sooner$\dots$ than句型中，主句使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I hardly got into the house when he came to see me.
No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
表示第几次做某事，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That was the first time that she had seen her father.
It was five years since we had left our hometown.

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现在进行时

概念

现在进行时表示当下的一段时间内正在进行的某种活动
常用的时间状语：now,at this time等
The girl is singing in her room at this moment.

形式

肯定形式

b+v-ing
It is raining outside.

否定形式

be+not+v-ing
You are not the only one fighting.

一般疑问句形式

be动词置于句首
Are you surfing the Internet.

拓展

在条件状语从句或时间状语从句，可以用现在进行时表示将来。
Be careful when you are crossing the busy street.
表示一段时间将要发生的动作，或者按计划将要进行的动作，用现在进行时表示将来。
I’m flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.

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现在完成时

概念

现在完成时表示过去的动作已经完成，但对现在的情况仍然存在一定的影响；也可以表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态
常用时间状语：
recently,lately,since$\dots$for$\dots$,in the past few years,just,already,yet,up to now,till now,so far,these days等。
I have just finished my homework.

形式

肯定形式

have/has + done
I have just finished my homework.

否定形式

have/has + not +done
It hasn’t rained for half a year in that place.

一般疑问句形式

Have your ever been to Beijing.

拓展

for +时间段；since + 时间点
I have lived here for five years.
I have lived here since 1995.
如果句子中含有表示”最近几世纪/年/月以来”的时间状语，例如：over the past few years,in the past few years/mouths/weeks/days,during the last three months,for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughout history.谓语动词用现在完成时
I have been a teacher over the past few years.

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将来进行时

概念

表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情
常用时间状语：
soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,by this time,tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow morning.
This time next day they will be sitting in cinema.
I’ll be taking my holiday soon.

形式

肯定形式

will/shall be + doing
The minster will be giving a speech on international affairs.

否定形式

will/shall not be + doing
Nancy will not be doing exercise tomorrow morning.

一般疑问句形式

will /shall 放在句首
Will you be having the meeting this time tomorrow afternoon.

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将来完成时

概念

表示在将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。
常用时间状语：by the time of ,by the end of +时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句(将来)等。
By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
I shall have finished this composition before 8 o’clock.

形式

肯定形式

be going to /will/shall + have done
By next Tuesday,I will have got ready for my new job.

否定形式

be going to /will/shall + not + have done
We will not have made a good preparation for the exams by the end of this week.

一般疑问句形式

will/shall 放在句首
Will you have finished this experiment by the end of this term?

拓展

在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

现在完成进行时

概念

表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。

形式

主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。

在这段电影中奇异博士和Thor刚刚打开一个传送门去找奥丁，此时他们想起洛基，于是奇异博士把洛基找回来，此时洛基还在做“自由落体”,洛基下落这个动作一直持续到现在
Poor Loki!!!

过去完成进行时

概念

过去完成进行时(The Past Perfect Progressive)是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。

形式

had+been +动词-ing
Loki had been falling for 30 minutes before Doc. Stranger and Thor found Odin.
时间状语从句的主句是一般过去时，此时洛基下落这个动作就是相对于过去某个时间点在那个时间点之前发生并且刚刚结束或者有可能继续。

将来完成进行时

其表达的意思为：表示某种情况下一直持续到说话人所提及的时间，往往与将来的时间连用。
主语+ shall/will have been doing
My brother Loki will have been falling for 30 minutes before Doc. Stranger and I find My father Odin.