STM32Cube学习（4）——UART串口

0、引言

单片机：STM32F407ZGT6；
仿真器：ST Link V2；
开发环境：STM32CubeIDE 1.10.1；
功能说明：使用单片机串口进行一次基础收发功能测试。

前情提要：
STM32Cube学习（1）——点灯&配置
STM32Cube学习（2）——定时器中断
STM32Cube学习（3）——ADC

参考资料：
【STM32】HAL库 STM32CubeMX教程四—UART串口通信详解
STM32F4数据手册

1、STM32CubeIDE配置

1.1、基础配置

配置时钟

配置下载调试端口

1.2、串口配置

选择USART1——》PA9/Tx；PA10/Rx。

模式配置为Asynchronous异步通信

波特率：115200
字长：8 Bit
校验：None
停止位：1

在下方的设置为
数据方向Receive and Transmit收发模式
过采样16 Samples留坑

同时打开相应通道的中断使能

勾选 Generate peripheral initialization as a pair…

2、添加代码

以下代码参考CSDN博主‘Z小旋’，在此表示感谢

/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define RXBUFFERSIZE  256
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
char RxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];
uint8_t aRxBuffer;			//接收中断缓冲
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;		//接收缓冲计数
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
    
    
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    
    
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
    
    
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {
    
    0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {
    
    0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 72;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    
    
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    
    
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    
    
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(huart);
  /* NOTE: This function Should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
           the HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback could be implemented in the user file
   */

	if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255)  //溢出判断
	{
    
    
		Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
		memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer));
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)"数据溢出", 10,0xFFFF);

	}
	else
	{
    
    
		RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer;   //接收数据转存

		if((RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //判断结束位
		{
    
    
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&RxBuffer, Uart1_Rx_Cnt,0xFFFF); //将收到的信息发送出去
            while(HAL_UART_GetState(&huart1) == HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_TX){
    
    }//检测UART发送结束
			Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
			memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer)); //清空数组
		}
	}

	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);   //再开启接收中断
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

3、运行测试