この章環境：VMの仮想マシン、サーバーなどのサーバー、クライアントとサーバー
この章の目的：SSHDのTelnet管理、キー検証、Tcpのwappersアクセス制御
リモートログイン.sshd
1. sshdサービスを確認
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 22
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3252/dnsm
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 968/sshd //默认我们的SSHD是开启的
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16227/sshot@pt
tcp 0 0 192.168.17.128:49342 180.97.251.226:80 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 192.168.17.128:42522 202.141.176.110:80 2. SSHDサーバの設定ファイルを理解します
[ルート@ localhostの〜]＃のvimのは、/ etc / ssh / sshd_config // SSHDサーバの設定ファイル
17の#Port 22の//ポート
18 #AddressFamily任意の
19 //読み込み#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0リスニングアドレス
20 #ListenAddress :: // IPv6アドレス
37#LoginGraceTime 2m //2分钟会话时间
38 #PermitRootLogin yes //允许ROOT登录
39 #StrictModes yes //验证你的访问权限
40 #MaxAuthTries 6 //验证次数
41 #MaxSessions 10 // 访问最大连接数10个
#PubkeyAuthentication yes //公钥验证开启3.サーバのrootユーザにTelnetクライアントを使用します
[root@test02 ~]# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.128 (192.168.17.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Rpsrtp0nMlVYADWOhRjM0UVz6wVl682cNuzxhF0Q7C8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:c3:d9:5c:96:87:ce:16:d8:63:b3:0c:7b:26:45:1f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.128' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Mon Sep 16 12:07:36 20194.リモートログインrootユーザーは、サーバーの電源をオフにします
37 #LoginGraceTime 2m
38 #PermitRootLogin no //禁止远程用户用ROOT登录
39 #StrictModes yes
40 #MaxAuthTries 6
41 #MaxSessions 105.ユーザがrootにログインできることを確認するために、サーバーに移動します
[root@test02 ~]# ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password: 6.クライアントは、通常のユーザリージに切り替え、その後、ルートユーザ線（危険）に切断しました
[root@test02 ~]# ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
[lisi@test01 ~]$ su - root
密码：
上一次登录：一 9月 16 12:17:31 CST 2019pts/2 上
最后一次失败的登录：一 9月 16 12:25:59 CST 2019pts/2 上
最有一次成功登录后有 1 次失败的登录尝试。
[root@test01 ~]# 7.オープンエンドPAM認証サービス
vim /etc/pam.d/su
//把“#”号去掉auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid
auth substack system-auth
auth include postlogin8.検証するためにクライアントにアクセスしてください
[lisi@test01 ~]$ su - root
密码：
su: 拒绝权限クライアント9.間違ったパスワードを3回入力しようとすると、それは撤回した、と私たちは、サーバーが番号を確認するように設定されていた6回です
[root@test02 ~]# ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[root@test02 ~]# クライアントユーザにカット10 ROOTは、検証の数が8で設定しました
[root@test01 ~]# ssh -o NumberOfPasswordPrompts=8 [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.128 (192.168.17.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Rpsrtp0nMlVYADWOhRjM0UVz6wVl682cNuzxhF0Q7C8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:c3:d9:5c:96:87:ce:16:d8:63:b3:0c:7b:26:45:1f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.128' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Received disconnect from 192.168.17.128 port 22:2: Too many authentication failures
Authentication failed.
[root@test01 ~]# 11. SSHリモートログインのブラックリストとホワイトリストを設定します。
37 #LoginGraceTime 2m
38 #PermitRootLogin no
39 #StrictModes yes
40 #MaxAuthTries 6
41 #MaxSessions 10
42 Allow Users [email protected]
//只允许chen这个用户用192.168.17.130地址登录
[root@test01 ~]# systemctl restart sshd12.リモート管理の3種類を理解します
scp 远程复制
sftp get 远程下载文件
sftp put 远程上传文件II。キーログイン検証
1.サービスは、公開鍵と秘密鍵の検証ログインで有効になっています
[ルート@ localhostの〜]＃のvimのは、/ etc / ssh / sshd_config // SSHDサーバの設定ファイル
43 PubkeyAuthentication yes 把“#”去掉开启公私钥验证登录
44
45 # The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys 2
46 # but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_ke ys
47 AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
//生成的公私密钥会在这个目录底下2.クライアントは、ユーザーが陳の鍵を生成し、
[root@client ~]# ls /home/
chen
[root@client ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa
Generating public/private ecdsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:HqV9MQWYPqLHSodJciQEDpGhsbQheF3gVqXLMD6mhTo root@client
The key's randomart image is:
+---[ECDSA 256]---+
|B*.+ooo.. o... |
|*=+.o... o . |
|oo. =o. .. o |
| +.+o..+o o |
| . =+o=S.... |
| . + .=.+. . |
|E . . +. |
| . . |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+3.プライベートディレクトリ陳間でユーザーを見ます
[root@client ~]# ls -a
. .bash_logout .dbus .mozilla 模板
.. .bash_profile .esd_auth .ssh 视频
.1234.txt.swp .bashrc .ICEauthority .tcshrc 图片
abc .cache initial-setup-ks.cfg test 文档
abc.txt chen is this 下载
anaconda-ks.cfg chenchen .lesshst .viminfo 音乐
.anacond-ks.cfg.swp .config .local .Xauthority 桌面
.bash_history .cshrc lshelp1.txt 公共
[root@client ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@client .ssh]# ls
id_ecdsa id_ecdsa.pub known_hosts4.公開鍵ディレクトリ・チェンは、公開鍵でサーバに送信しました
[root@client .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected]
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "id_ecdsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.128 (192.168.17.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Rpsrtp0nMlVYADWOhRjM0UVz6wVl682cNuzxhF0Q7C8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:c3:d9:5c:96:87:ce:16:d8:63:b3:0c:7b:26:45:1f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.5.陳サーバーのユーザーの公開鍵があった場合Goは見ます
[root@localhost chen]# cd .ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys
[root@localhost .ssh]# cat authorized_keys
ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBC3jJu7k3skpOWd5azNtHhohBCyQvcE5vMQblIICOn48GGL3h1tQ9d7m34liu7YdXcdY+oLyQvgl23xiP9Au8ug= root@client6.クライアントリモートログイン認証鍵ペア
[root@client .ssh]# ssh [email protected]
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa':
Last login: Sat Aug 10 00:32:52 20197.ログイン認証キーの必要性を排除し、無料のインタラクティブ
[chen@localhost ~]$ exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.17.128 closed.
[root@client .ssh]# ssh-agent bash //代理bash环境
[root@client .ssh]# ssh-add //添加我们密钥对的密码
Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa:
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa (/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa)
[root@client .ssh]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Sep 16 13:09:06 2019 from 192.168.17.134
[chen@localhost ~]$ 三の.Tcp wappersアクセス制御
アクセス制御ポリシー：
最初のチェックhosts.allowのは、アクセスが、一致が発見された許可された
アクセスが拒否され、それ以外の場合は、その後、hosts.denyのを確認してください見つける
両方のファイルで一致するポリシー場合は、デフォルトでは許可
のアクセスを
1.アクセス制御は、サーバに提供されます
[ルート@ localhostの〜]＃のVimの/etc/hosts.allowを
hosts.allow This file contains access rules which are used to
allow or deny connections to network services that
either use the tcp_wrappers library or that have been
started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd.
See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access'
for information on rule syntax.
See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers
sshd:192.168.17.130 //添加只允许访问的地址
~ [ルート@ localhostの〜]＃のVimの/etc/hosts.denyを
hosts.deny This file contains access rules which are used to
deny connections to network services that either use
the tcp_wrappers library or that have been
started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd.
The rules in this file can also be set up in
/etc/hosts.allow with a 'deny' option instead.
See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access'
for information on rule syntax.
See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers
sshd:192.168.17.128
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