I. Introduction
This article is based on my experience in participating in the Ruijie ICT Competition last year and winning the third place in the country. I hope it can bring some help to all students. In this article, I will start from the rules of the competition, the knowledge points involved, the preparation process, and the ideas for answering questions.
2. Competition rules
The competition rules are subject to the official website. Here is a brief introduction based on what is available on the official website. It is recommended that everyone go to the official website to take a look:
This competition has a two-round system of preliminary rounds and finals; among them, the preliminary round is a regional competition, and the competition format is an online written test. The teams that advance from the preliminary round participate in the national finals; the final competition format is a computer test.
(1) Preliminary round:
Promotion rules: The top 6 groups in the regional preliminary round will advance to the national finals.
Certificate bonus points: RCNA plus 5 points, RCNP plus 10 points, RCIE plus 15 points. (Certificates of team members can accumulate bonus points. If the same member holds multiple certificates, the extra points will be based on the highest level certificate)
Team score calculation:
(2) National finals:
Participating team members work together to complete the same set of computer-based test questions. After completing the test, they submit a summary of their answers, with a full score of 100 points;
Final score calculation:
3. Knowledge points involved
It can be seen from the official website of the competition that the scope of this competition includes routing technology, switching technology, security technology (VPN, access security, etc.), wireless technology, network planning and design, troubleshooting and resolution.
The following are just some possible assessment points. The specific content and difficulty will vary according to the stage and level of the competition. Last year, both the provincial and national competitions had pre-competition training and pre-competition briefings, which require special attention .
(1) "Network Planning and Design" and "Troubleshooting"
According to last year's experience (just based on last year's experience, it does not mean that this year's question type must be like this) , the "network planning and design" and "troubleshooting" in this competition refer to two types of questions .
In the multiple-choice questions, "network planning and design" means which protocol to use, what technology to use for planning, how to divide IP addresses, etc.; while "troubleshooting" means to give a network environment, give error phenomena, and then go to Select a troubleshooting idea.
In the operation questions, "network planning and design" is to give the network topology and configure according to the requirements, while "troubleshooting" is to give all the configurations, but there are wrong configurations that lead to the failure of the requirements, and it is required to find the errors configuration and modify it.
(2) Routing technology and switching technology
According to last year's experience (just based on last year's experience, it does not mean that this year's question type must be like this), routing and switching technology will be the key part of the competition.
For routing technology, the knowledge points that may be investigated are as follows:
①Routing protocols: Understand different routing protocols, such as static, OSPF , BGP , EIGRP, etc., as well as their characteristics, working principles and configuration methods.
In addition, the following content is easy to confuse and requires special memory:
The role of various LSAs in OSPF, how various data packets in OSPF establish neighbors and forward them, the processing of LSAs in various OSPF areas , the introduction of dual-point bidirectional OSPF and RIP , Layer 3 loop prevention, etc. .
The individual routing protocols should be looked at carefully, because almost everything in the three layers is very dependent on the routing protocol.
Routing protocols are critical! ! !
Routing protocols are critical! ! !
Routing protocols are critical! ! !
②Routing table: understand the structure and content of the routing table, including network address, next hop information, measurement value, etc., and understand how to find and configure the routing table.
③Router configuration and operation: Master the basic configuration commands of the router, including setting interfaces, configuring IP addresses, enabling and disabling routing protocols, etc., and understand the various functions and options of the router.
④Routing path selection: Understand different path selection algorithms, such as shortest path first, path hop limit, etc., and how to choose the best path based on these algorithms.
⑤Routing optimization methods: Understand the performance optimization methods of routing networks, such as route aggregation, route filtering, load balancing, etc., to improve the efficiency and reliability of routers and networks.
⑥ IPv6 routing: The background of IPv6 generation, IPv6 message format, and IPv6 addressing, including: IPv6 unicast address, multicast address, and anycast address. The message format, content and mechanism of ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol ( NDP ).
⑦ DHCP : The basic principles, configuration methods, DHCP relay, etc. of DHCP .
The knowledge points that may be examined for switching technology are as follows:
①Basic knowledge of Ethernet: Understand the development history, standards and specifications of Ethernet, such as the IEEE 802.3 standard.
②Basic principles of switches: Understand the role and functions of switches, including sending and receiving data frames, learning MAC addresses, establishing forwarding tables, etc.
③ MAC address and MAC table: Master the concept and structure of MAC address, and understand how the switch learns and maintains the mapping relationship between MAC address and port.
④Broadcast and unicast: understand the difference between broadcast frames and unicast frames, and understand how broadcast frames are processed in Layer 2 switching networks.
⑤ Switching process: Understand the forwarding process of the switch, including receiving data frames, looking up the MAC table, determining the target port and forwarding data frames, etc.
⑥Switch types: Understand different types of switches, such as traditional switches, three-layer switches, stacked switches, etc., as well as their characteristics and application scenarios.
⑦ Collision domains and broadcast domains: understand the concepts of collision domains and broadcast domains, understand how switches solve collision problems, isolate broadcast domains, etc.
⑧Switch port configuration: Master the configuration and management of switch ports, including port mode, speed and duplex settings, VLAN configuration, etc.
⑨Learning by source port and learning by target port: Understand the learning methods of switches, including the differences, advantages and disadvantages of learning by source port and learning by target port.
Finally, I would like to emphasize that routing and switching were the focus of last year's competition. Other security technologies and wireless technologies basically require routing and switching technology as the basis for underlying communication. If the routing and switching technology is not well mastered, other technologies Even if you do it, it will most likely not be effective, so you must pay close attention! ! !
(3) Security technology ( VPN , access security, etc.)
It is estimated that there will not be many security technology tests, but at least one type of VPN will appear . Although there are not many security technology tests, the proportion of VPN scores should not be very low. In addition, DHCP SNOOPING , switch interface security, etc. should also be tested. arrive.
The following are several commonly tested VPN technologies: ① MPLS VPN
MPLS VPN technology was tested in the national competition last year . You need to understand the technical principles of MPLS VPN , MPLS principles, and mainly the configuration method, especially Option A , Option B , OptionC1 , OptionC2 , etc.
② IPsec VPN
IPsec VPN mainly includes principles, configurations, etc. It was not tested last year, but not necessarily this year. Especially the configuration method, IPsec is generally combined with GRE Tunnel for investigation, you can take a look.
(4) Wireless technology
Wireless technology was covered in several questions during the provincial competition last year. It was not tested in the national competition, but it is included in the syllabus this year. I will speculate on the content that may be tested, but I cannot guarantee it.
We may examine the configuration method of AC+AP , side-mounted networking, the basic principles of WLAN , etc. Because I am not very involved in this part, please check the specific technology by yourself.
4. Preparation process
Personally, I suggest that you prepare for the competition by verifying each other in both the theoretical part and the practical part. Because theory and practical operation can verify each other, and theory and practical operation also need to calculate scores during the competition. It should be noted that do not think that the proportion of the theoretical part in the final is 30% . It should be noted that the full score in the preliminary round is 300 points, while the final is only 100 points. The actual proportion is close to 50:50 .
There can be the following processes:
①Determine the focus of learning: Please combine the above knowledge points and study from the proportion to the light.
② Learning theoretical knowledge: learn the theoretical knowledge of the above knowledge points, master the principles, ideas, advantages and disadvantages, and compare various technologies.
③Practice practice: you can build a small environment for practice.
④ Build a larger topology: After you have mastered the basic knowledge points, you can build a larger topology, give your own requirements, and write the configuration yourself to try.
Applying the above game preparation ideas to the learning of the above-mentioned network technologies, you can basically master each technology better.
As for those who want to study systematically, I recommend four ways:
①Registration organization:
You can find Ruijie’s official authorized institution in the province or the organizer of the competition (if the organizer is an institution) to study. The advantage of this is that the offline unified learning can be mastered better, and it may be very systematic , The knowledge points in the competition can also be explained thoroughly, and any questions can be answered in a timely manner. Of course, there will definitely be relatively large economic expenditures.
② Search related video websites
For example, there are many systematic courses on a certain B, and several keywords are given such as " RCNA ", " RCNP ", and " RCIE ".
③Search information on the official website:
Of course, you can also learn basic knowledge and some more complicated technologies from the official website. You can learn it by yourself, and systematic courses are also available.
Technical Basic Course-Ruijie Networks (ruijie.com.cn) 
https://www.ruijie.com.cn/fw/course/3801/
④ Search on blog websites such as CSDN
You can also search for the above keywords. Of course, there may be few articles about Ruijie certification on blog sites such as CSDN. You can also look at articles from Huawei, Cisco, and H3C. The technologies are all interoperable. I also have related technical columns, but they are more about Huawei and Cisco. You can also read them and focus on them (routing and switching, network system integration, HCIA, HCIP , and HCIE parts ) .
What I personally recommend is a combination of these four methods. The systematicness of these four methods weakens from high to low. However, for the same problem, it may require multiple searches and inquiries to find the solution or principle. And one more way of thinking means one more way to respond during the game.
5. Ideas for answering questions
Since this competition consists of a preliminary round and a final, and the preliminary round mainly includes the theoretical part, and the final mainly includes the computer part, I will start from these two parts to explain.
(1) Theoretical part
The theoretical part affects the promotion of the preliminary round and the proportion in the final. It should be noted that, do not think that the theoretical part in the final is 30%. It should be noted that the full score of the preliminary round is 300 points , while the final is only 100 points. The ratio is close to 50-50 . Therefore, you need to focus on it. In the process of answering questions, you can pay attention to the following parts (of course, the following are based on a comprehensive understanding of theoretical knowledge. If you don’t understand, please prepare yourself in advance):
① Read the title carefully: Make sure you understand the requirements and content of the title, paying attention to keywords and qualifiers .
②Analyze the options: carefully compare the differences between the options and find out the differences between the options .
③ Eliminate wrong options: Eliminate obviously wrong options one by one to narrow the range of options.
④ Combining knowledge points: Use your own network knowledge and experience to choose the most appropriate option in combination with the scenarios and requirements in the topic .
⑤ Pay attention to details: Pay attention to the detailed information in the question, such as specific protocols, special configuration requirements, etc.
(2) On-board part
(1) Troubleshooting questions:
① Carefully analyze the problem description: Understand the specific manifestations of the problem, fault symptoms and affected equipment.
②Direct investigation based on experience: Please do sufficient practice before the game, and be familiar with various types of errors as much as possible. If a game occurs, just go to the wrong point directly.
③ Use appropriate tools and commands: According to the nature and requirements of the problem, select appropriate commands for troubleshooting, such as ping , tracert , etc., because calling external troubleshooting software is not allowed during the troubleshooting process (at least last year) , so these commands must be mastered.
In addition, when trcaert was performed last year , there was a bug in the emulator that made it impossible to exit after tracert . If this happens, please communicate with the organizing committee in time.
The exit instructions of tracert mainly include:
ctrl+z、ctrl+c、ctrl+v、ctrl+x、ctrl+shif+6，都试试。
③Step -by-step troubleshooting: Check the network environment, device configuration and connectivity step by step in a logical order, and narrow down the scope of the fault step by step by troubleshooting.
(2) Network configuration questions:
①Understanding configuration requirements: Read the title carefully to understand the required configuration content and expected results.
② Write configuration commands: According to the requirements of the topic, write corresponding configuration commands, such as router interface configuration, VLAN configuration, ACL configuration, etc.
③ Check and verify the configuration: According to the question requirements, use appropriate commands and tools to check and verify the configured network environment to ensure that the configured functions operate normally.
④ Pay attention to the details of the problem: Pay attention to the correct format and parameter settings of the configuration command to avoid omissions and errors, especially for the naming of routing policies. Although this problem did not occur in last year's competition, when I went to Huawei for the HCIE exam , because " PRE "was written as " PER ", which resulted in the requirement not being realized, and it took a long time to find out the error, so everyone must pay attention! ! !
⑤Understand configuration impacts and interrelationships: Consider the impact that configuration modifications will have on the network environment and other devices, as well as the interrelationships between configuration items.