In today's software development world, Java frameworks such as Struts have become important tools for building enterprise-level applications. As a popular MVC framework, Struts not only simplifies Java Web development, but also improves the maintainability and scalability of the software. This article will take you into the world of Struts, explore its charm, and let you appreciate the convenience and efficiency of Java development.
1. Overview of Struts
Struts is an open source Java Web framework, based on the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern, which separates the application's business logic, user interface and request processing process, making the code clearer and more maintainable. The emergence of the Struts framework greatly simplifies the Java Web development process and improves development efficiency.
Two, the main components of Struts
- Model (Model): The model is responsible for processing business logic and interacting with the database. In Struts, models are usually implemented by JavaBean or EJB.
- View (View): The view is responsible for presenting the user interface, which interacts directly with the user. In Struts, views usually consist of XML files and JSP pages.
3. Controller (Controller): The controller is responsible for receiving user requests, making corresponding actions according to the requests, and updating models and views. In Struts, the controller is implemented by the Action class.
Three, the core advantages of Struts
- Easy to learn and use: The Struts framework has a clear structure and complete documentation, allowing developers to get started quickly. In addition, Struts also provides a rich tag library and auxiliary classes, so that developers can focus on the realization of business logic.
- Strong scalability: The Struts framework provides a wealth of customization options, allowing developers to flexibly customize according to the actual needs of the project.
- Perfect integration with other technologies: Struts can be seamlessly integrated with other popular Java technologies such as Hibernate and Spring, making the entire development process smoother.
- Community support: Struts has a huge community, and developers can get timely help when encountering problems. In addition, Struts developers are spread all over the world, enabling the framework to be continuously improved and perfected.
Fourth, the practical application of Struts
- Creation of user interface: Struts provides a rich tag library, allowing developers to easily create complex user interfaces. At the same time, it also supports custom tags to meet the individual needs of the project.
- Business logic processing: By separating business logic from views, Struts makes code clearer and more maintainable. In addition, it also provides the Action class, so that developers can easily handle user requests.
- Database operation: Struts can interact with various databases, including MySQL, Oracle, etc. By using ORM (Object Relational Mapping) technology such as Hibernate, developers can easily perform database operations.
- Integration with other technologies: Struts can be seamlessly integrated with Spring, Hibernate and other popular Java technologies, making the entire development process smoother.
V. Summary
It is very important for developers to master the Struts of the Java framework. By using Struts, developers can significantly improve development efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. This article introduces the basic concepts, main components, core advantages and practical application scenarios of Struts, hoping to help you better understand and master the Struts framework. Let us start the journey of efficient development together and write a bright future with Struts!
Notes on using the Struts framework
When using the Struts framework, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Correct configuration: Make sure the configuration of Tomcat server and Eclipse is correct, delete web.xml and struts.xml, run jsp to see if it can be displayed correctly, if not, it has nothing to do with sturts, the basic configuration is not properly configured.
- Naming convention: When defining the name, id, property and other attributes of each tag element in the HTML page, do not be the same as the keywords, otherwise the page cannot be executed.
- JS code specification: When writing js code, the naming of functions cannot conflict with keywords.
- Using Struts tags: When using Struts tags in the page, if the formbean named AdvSearch in the background has not declared the field named rsrcId pointed to by the property attribute of the tag, the project will not work.
- Pay attention to version issues: there may be some differences between different versions of the Struts framework, and corresponding configuration and development need to be carried out according to the specific version.
- Avoid duplication of code: In the Struts framework, try to avoid duplication of code, you can use the Struts tag library and auxiliary classes to simplify the code and improve development efficiency.
- Pay attention to security: In the Struts framework, it is necessary to prevent various security vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting attacks, data tampering, etc., and measures such as input and output verification and encryption need to be strengthened.
- Testing and debugging: During the development process, adequate testing and debugging are required to ensure the correctness and stability of the Struts framework.
In short, using the Struts framework requires attention to various specifications and details in order to ensure the stability and security of the project.
The following is a demo example of a simple Java integrated Struts framework:
1. Create a Java project and choose a development environment that supports the Struts framework, such as Eclipse.
2. Add the relevant jar packages of the Struts framework under the classpath path of the project, such as struts2-core-2.1.6.jar.
3. Create a configuration file named struts.xml and place it in the src directory of the project.
4. Configure the core configuration information of Struts in the struts.xml file, such as the mapping relationship of action and the jump path of result.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 配置包 -->
<package name="default" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 配置Action -->
<action name="hello" class="com.example.HelloAction">
<!-- 配置Result -->
<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
<result name="failure">/failure.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>5. Create a Java class, such as HelloAction.java, as the Struts controller class. Implement the execute() method in this class to handle user requests.
package com.example;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.StrutsResult;
@Action(value = "hello")
@Result(name = "success", location = "/success.jsp")
@Result(name = "failure", location = "/failure.jsp")
public class HelloAction {
public String execute() {
return "success";
}
}6. Create two JSP pages, which are used to display success and failure information respectively. Put them in the project's WebContent/WEB-INF directory.
7. Configure Struts filters in the web.xml file to intercept user requests.
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>8. Run the project, visit http://localhost:8080/project name/hello in the browser, and you can see the demo effect of the Struts framework.