Git is a distributed version control system that can track file modifications, manage and coordinate code developed collaboratively by multiple people.
The following are five commonly used commands in Git:
1. git init: Initialize a new Git repository in the current directory, create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing repository.
2. git add: Add the file to the staging area of the Git warehouse and prepare for submission.
3. git commit: Submit the files in the staging area to the local warehouse, that is, create a new submission record.
4. git pull: Pull the latest code from the remote warehouse (usually a shared warehouse on the server) to the local.
5. git push: Push the local code to the remote warehouse and update the code in the remote warehouse.
The main differences between Git and SVN are as follows:
1. Distributed vs. centralized: Git is a distributed version control system. Each developer has a complete code repository and can independently operate and submit code locally. SVN is a centralized version control system. All code is stored on the central server, and developers need to connect to the server through the network to operate.
2. Version number: Git uses a unique version number generated by the SHA-1 hash algorithm to identify submission records, which has powerful version control capabilities. SVN uses an incrementing integer as the version number, which is incremented with each commit.
3. Branch management: Git's branch management is very flexible and supports the rapid creation, switching and merging of branches. SVN's branch management is relatively cumbersome and requires creating a branch copy on the server.
4. Performance: Git has better performance when dealing with large projects and large amounts of files, because it clones the entire code repository locally, reducing network transmission overhead. SVN can have performance issues when dealing with large projects because every operation requires communication with a central server.
In general, Git has more powerful version control functions, more flexible branch management and better performance than SVN, and is suitable for large-scale projects and multi-person collaborative development. SVN is more suitable for small projects and centralized development environments.