Summarize the types of cameras commonly used on robots. Recently, when assembling a robot, I couldn't tell the type of camera. Due to my limited knowledge, the following information is obtained from searching on the Internet, sorted out according to the classification of cameras, for your reference:
1.IR camera:
IR=infrared=Infrared
The working principle of the infrared camera is that the infrared lamp emits infrared rays to irradiate the object, and the infrared rays are diffusely reflected and received by the surveillance camera to form a video image.
2. Mono camera:
Black-and-white camera module: improve the imaging effect in dark light. The specific principle is that because the black-and-white camera module does not have a Bayer (Bayer filter) filter, it can obtain more light in dark light conditions, thereby saving more more image details. Due to the advantages of richer details and higher signal-to-noise ratio of black-and-white cameras, after fusing black-and-white images with color images as a benchmark, the overall effect of the image will be significantly improved (especially in dark light environments).
3.RGB camera:
The RGB color mode is a color standard in the industry, and various colors are obtained by changing the three color channels of red®, green (G), and blue (B) and superimposing them with each other. RGB is the color that represents the three channels of red, green, and blue. This standard includes almost all colors that human vision can perceive, and is one of the most widely used color systems at present.
4. RGB-D camera:
RGBD = RGB + Depth Map, including left infrared camera + infrared dot matrix projector + right infrared camera + RGB camera. The mainstream depth cameras are divided into: time of flight (ToF), structured light method, and binocular stereo vision method.
In 3D computer graphics, a Depth Map is an image or image channel that contains information about distances to surfaces of scene objects from viewpoints. Among them, the Depth Map is similar to a grayscale image, except that each pixel value of it is the actual distance from the sensor to the object. Usually the RGB image and the Depth image are registered, so there is a one-to-one correspondence between pixels. Through the near-infrared laser, the light with certain structural characteristics is projected onto the object to be photographed, and then collected by a special infrared camera.
This kind of light with a certain structure will collect different image phase information due to different depth regions of the subject, and then convert this structure change into depth information through the computing unit to obtain a three-dimensional structure. To put it simply, the three-dimensional structure of the object to be photographed is obtained through optical means, and then the obtained information is applied more deeply. Based on images from left and right infrared cameras, calculated using triangulation. Because there are few feature points in some scenes, the infrared dot matrix pattern is emitted into the scene through the infrared dot matrix projector (invisible to the human eye, but can be captured by the infrared camera) to increase the feature points and improve the imaging effect.
5. Fisheye camera:
The fisheye camera is a panoramic camera that can independently monitor a large area without dead angles. It is a lens with an extremely short focal length and a viewing angle close to or equal to 180°. It protrudes toward the front of the lens in a parabolic shape, which is quite similar to the eyes of fish, hence the name "fisheye lens". The fisheye lens is a special kind of ultra-wide-angle lens, and its angle of view strives to reach or exceed the range that the human eye can see. Therefore, there is a big difference between the fisheye lens and the real world scene in people's eyes, because the scene we see in real life is a regular and fixed shape, and the picture effect produced by the fisheye lens is beyond this category .
The principle of fisheye lens is well known, the shorter the focal length, the larger the angle of view, and the stronger the distortion caused by the optical principle.
The above information is mainly compiled by myself in PCB design and Internet search. If there
is any similarity or error, I hope you will leave a message and correct me, thank you! ! !
