Docker (1): instalación de Docker

Introduccion

  Docker es un producto de código abierto de dotcloud, que proporciona principalmente servicios para desarrolladores basados ​​en la plataforma PAAS. Es un software de virtualización de contenedores que resuelve el entorno operativo y los problemas de configuración, facilita la integración continua y contribuye al lanzamiento general.

Componentes de Docker

• Almacén Docker: https://hub.docker.com

• Cliente Docker: Cliente Docker.

• Servidor Docker: El componente principal del demonio Docker, que acepta las solicitudes de los usuarios enviadas a través del Cliente Docker e implementa la distribución de rutas de acuerdo con las reglas de enrutamiento correspondientes.

• Imagen de Docker: la imagen de Docker se convierte en un contenedor después de ejecutarse.

Instalación de Docker

Prerrequisitos

  Para instalar Docker, la recomendación oficial debe requerir un sistema CentOS7. La centos-extrasbiblioteca debe estar habilitada. De forma predeterminada, este repositorio está habilitado, pero si está deshabilitado, debe volver a habilitarlo. overlay2Se recomienda usar un controlador de almacenamiento.

Desinstalar la versión anterior

# 全新的ContOS7精简版,没有安装过docker
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docker \
>                   docker-client \
>                   docker-client-latest \
>                   docker-common \
>                   docker-latest \
>                   docker-latest-logrotate \
>                   docker-logrotate \
>                   docker-engine
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
No Match for argument: docker
No Match for argument: docker-client
No Match for argument: docker-client-latest
No Match for argument: docker-common
No Match for argument: docker-latest
No Match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate
No Match for argument: docker-logrotate
No Match for argument: docker-engine
No Packages marked for removal

Instalar

   La recomendación oficial es usar el almacén para instalar Docker. Si no es conveniente, puede optar por instalar el paquete o script rpm. Esta demostración se recomienda oficialmente.

Configurar almacén

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
# 注意，此仓库为官方提供仓库，国内用户访问网络很坑，这里选择阿里仓库
yum-config-manager \
>     --add-repo \
>     https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

• Ali almacén

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

Instalar Docker Engine

[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Iniciar Docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker

Ver estado

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-04-11 10:15:26 CST; 15s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 18129 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 12
   Memory: 46.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─18129 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Apr 11 10:15:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:25.935145283+08:00" level=info msg="scheme \"unix\" not registered, fallback to default scheme" module=grpc
Apr 11 10:15:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:25.935172947+08:00" level=info msg="ccResolverWrapper: sending update to cc: {[{unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock 0  <nil>}] <nil>}" module=grpc
Apr 11 10:15:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:25.935193242+08:00" level=info msg="ClientConn switching balancer to \"pick_first\"" module=grpc
Apr 11 10:15:25 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:25.962339880+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:26.230751040+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to...rred IP address"
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:26.329307123+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:26.353432378+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=afacb8b graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=19.03.8
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:26.353629385+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain dockerd[18129]: time="2020-04-11T10:15:26.381834522+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Apr 11 10:15:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

Prueba

Ver versión

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.8
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.17
 Git commit:        afacb8b
 Built:             Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.8
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.17
  Git commit:       afacb8b
  Built:            Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.13
  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

Hola Mundo

# 执行三次也没有成功, 原因是下载镜像失败
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/latest: Get https://auth.docker.io/token?scope=repository%3Alibrary%2Fhello-world%3Apull&service=registry.docker.io: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers).
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pulling fs layer 
docker: error pulling image configuration: Get https://production.cloudflare.docker.com/registry-v2/docker/registry/v2/blobs/sha256/fc/fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e/data?verify=1586574550-P3eY%2BuJ7zYienz1l526gNyOltTI%3D: read tcp 192.168.0.11:43826->104.18.121.25:443: read: connection reset by peer.
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers).
See 'docker run --help'.

Configurar la aceleración de imagen

[root@localhost docker]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  # 此处可选择自己的阿里镜像加速器，也可用这个。
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://e9vsm9qn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker

阿里镜像加速器地址(需要登录)：https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors

Ejecute helloworld nuevamente

[root@localhost docker]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f9dfddf63636d84ef479d645ab5885156ae030f611a56f3a7ac7f2fdd86d7e4e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Desinstalar Docker

1. Desinstale los paquetes Docker Engine, CLI y Containerd:

[root@localhost docker]# yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

2. Las imágenes, los contenedores, los volúmenes o los archivos de configuración personalizados en el host no se eliminan automáticamente. Para eliminar todas las imágenes, contenedores y volúmenes:

[root@localhost docker]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker