Author | Rohit Chatterjee
Zebian | Xu Veyron
Produced | block chain base camp (blockchain_camp)
Cover | CSDN pay to download the visual China
It turns out that scalability is the biggest obstacle to the use of block chain technology today. Although terms of safety and to the center, the Bitcoin is impeccable, but can extensibility (or TPS to measure the number of transactions per second), it is completely different. Compared with 1700 TPS Visa, the Bitcoin 4 TPS indeed pitiful.
Square is a smart Ethernet support contract and decentralized applications (DApps) market leader , with an average of about 10 TPS pen every day, the best of times can be up to 20 pens.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte) report noted: dependence on traditional high-performance transaction processing system of enterprises, the slow speed of transactions block chain is a serious problem that can not be avoided.
2017 block chain introduced to the world and its many possibilities, but the attendant is a cruel reminder: we still have many deficiencies in the technical aspects. "Cryptokitty fiasco" event occurred in December 2017, on the Ethernet Square PoW (Proof-of-Work) limitations consensus algorithm sounded the alarm. Worse, in mid-2018 FCoin listed farce once again to the solid performance Ethernet Square marked with a question mark.
Like disaster forced the block chain developers began to seriously focus on scalability issues plagued the existing block chain network, fully prepared to meet such problems in the future block chain projects encounter.
Over the years, BTC low TPS has been a problem of concern
Ethernet 2.0 - Savior Square
Although bitcoin block chain has become a typical representative of the technology, but also Ethernet Square has won the " world's most important decentralized supercomputer " reputation. DApp developers around the world regularly deploy new applications on Ethernet Square.
Ethernet Square to promote the development of DeFi (decentralized financial) field, which uses block chain, digital assets and intelligence contracts (rather than traditional financial instruments) to provide currency services.
Recently, the total value of the encryption DeFi market has broken through the $ 1 billion mark!
There is no doubt that the whole world has been encrypted are closely watching the update Ethernet Square development team, they have been trying to achieve the next version of Ethernet Square. This was named Eth 2.0 upgrade is expected to achieve higher transaction throughput and new security model, as well as to the PoS (Proof-of-Stake proof of interest) change consensus mechanism.
2.0 Eth:
https://blog.sfox.com/ethereum-2-0-what-the-next-three-years-of-ethereum-will-look-like-b366a46f9704
As the low-power alternatives PoW, the PoS generally considered as having more scalable and can support higher throughput.
DeFi locked in the market even reached total assets of $ 1.2 billion
The block chain fragment
In addition to steering PoS, Eth 2.0 developers also integrates slicing technique, which is a centralized data in popular technology used for the library, in the centralized database, the entire data set is divided into smaller fragments .
In block chain network, slicing technology for decomposing transaction slices and distributed throughout the network , this way, each network node having to download and save the entire state of the block chain . Parallelizing, slicing technology can significantly increase transaction processing speeds.
Ether is not the first embodiment Square slicing the block chain project, using a first Zilliqa. Cardano, Harmony Elrond and other items have been trying to patch technology into block chain technology.
Unfortunately, Eth 2.0 development team Published conducted a number of changes . From January 2020 to the so-called "internal date" in the second quarter of 2020, the first phase of deployment dates Eth 2.0 has now been postponed until July 2020.
These uncertainties make us wonder when we can see the whole picture Eth 2.0, but still well worth the wait.
Other block chain scalable solutions
Prior art slice became popular, developers have been the concept of "downlink channel state (off-chain state channel)" is modified. State channel is a two-way communication channel between the network participants to help them to be traded outside the block chain, and then broadcast the final status of the transaction to the block chain.
Since all transactions occur at intermediate chain, to verify only the final state on the main chain of the block, the channel status transactions can be exponentially reduced. Bitcoin network Lightning (Lightning Network), Ethernet Square lightning network (Raiden) and Sailor network (Celer Network) belong to this area.
DAG (directed acyclic graph) is seeking scalable solutions block chain developers in another popular concept. In the DAG, each transaction can be connected to multiple transactions.
Compared with the conventional block chain, DAG network does not block the transaction. Single transaction each other for mutual authentication.
Therefore, in theory, the greater the volume, DAG validated faster. Iota, Nano and COTI are based on encryption technology project DAG.
Iota of DAG (called Tangle) per transaction will be connected to other multiple transactions
Recent Progress
Last month (February 2020), Harmony released its main network, and announced a token from ERC-20 (Ethernet Square) and BEP-2 (Binance chain) tokens to native ONE (Harmony) tokens exchange.
While the chain to block the public from the local exchange token block chain is very common, but it is unique in that Harmony is the first project to achieve PoS slice block chain.
According to its block chain Explorer displays, Harmony of the block 8 seconds, there are four active fragments.
This is important for others who wish to achieve PoS project fragmentation (such as Eth 2.0 and Cardano) is. For a long time, consensus and symbiosis PoS fragmentation is considered to be purely theoretical concept.
Harmony's success shows that it can be applied to not only practice, but also to achieve fragmentation of Ethernet Square, the block chain PoS support paved the way for the block chain enthusiasts believe Eth 2.0 hopefully come out in the short term.
Lightning ultrafast networks as payment currency layer above the bit block chain, allows users to quickly send and receive BTC at low cost. In the past few months, the network has also made significant progress.
The fourth quarter of 2019, a second layer expansion project reached 10,000 nodes. December 2019, the development team announced, will soon be using the network of large Bitcoin paid.
Lightning success of the network is expected to significantly shorten the time to confirm Bitcoin, making it easier to be accepted by ordinary businesses.
In terms of DAG, COTI has launched a token distribution agreements MultiDAG, and integrate them into the main network node.
MultiDAG was the first to DAG-based protocol that allows the issuance of tokens based on DAG infrastructure.
Ethernet is similar to the Square, COTI MultiDAG ecosystem is a common decentralized platform, capable of handling tokens and smart contract, using the local token payment of all fees and mortgage. But the difference is that Ethernet Square, MultiDAG made by licensed entities, each MultiDAG instance owner can set their own rules according to their needs.
There are many block chain scalability projects, but few can really achieve their project goals
glorious future
Since 2017, we have been thinking about "block chain faster transaction speed will lead to higher adoption rates and more practical use cases." DeFi has grown into an important part of the block chain field.
Greater scalability should bring more DeFi use cases, including speeding up the transfer speed and cross-border payments and so on.
Supply chain and logistics industry is also expected to benefit from advances in block chain technology . Meanwhile, over time, the field of identity management will be increased use of technology to block chain.
More scalable solutions should help us to further integrate the block chain in the daily production line. And, this is just one application block chain technology may just countless.
At the same time, the speed of development of scalable solutions exist to let us block chain, as well as its ability to change the world have a positive attitude.
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