terminal
- tty (teletypewriters): console, early computer as an input device by teletype
- Console: the console terminal, i.e., a display
- Ctrl + Alt + T: GUI terminal
- Ctrl + Alt + F2: tty2
- Ctrl + Alt + F1: back to the graphical interface
- #: Root user (Ctrl + D or exit to exit)
- $: Ordinary users (by switching sudu su to root)
operating
- whoami: Username
- hostname: computer name
- date: Date
- ls (list): list files and directories in the current directory
- -a (all): all files, including hidden files
- -l: List Details
- -lh (human-readable): is adapted to read
- -t: by file was last modified recent time sorting
- Meaning of different colors (Ubuntu)
- Blue -> Contents
- Green -> executable file
- Red -> archive
- Light blue -> Link file
- Gray -> Other documents
- Tab: completion command
- Ctrl + R: Find a used command
- history: lists previously used commands (ID:! call command)
- Ctrl + L: cleaning a content of terminal
- Ctrl + D: the terminal transmitting EOF (End Of File End Of File)
- Shift + PgUp: Scroll up
- Shift + PgDn: Scroll down
- Ctrl + A: The cursor jumps to the beginning of the command line (Home)
- Ctrl + E: cursor jumps to the end of the command line (End)
- Ctrl + U: Delete command all the characters left of the cursor
- Ctrl + K: Delete command all the characters right of the cursor
- Ctrl + W: delete a word left of the cursor
- Ctrl + Y: Paste deleted characters
file
- Ordinary files: text, sound, programs, etc.
- Special files: device, directory, etc.
- /:Root directory
- ~: Home directory (the specific location of the user-related)
- Lowercase letters when naming directory
- Immediate subdirectory of the root directory:
- bin: binary (executable)
- boot: Start documents
- dev: device
- etc: system configuration files
- home: private directory for each user in the home has a private directory
- lib: library, called program library file
- media: media
- mnt (mount): mount point
- Optional application software packages: opt (optional application software package)
- root: root super-user's home directory (located under the other user home)
- sbin (system binary): system binaries, system-level important executable program
- srv (service): Service
- tmp (tempory): temporary, ordinary users to store temporary files place
- usr (Unix Software Resource Unix): operating system software resources, installed at
- var (variable): log files, etc.
- pwd (Print Working Directory): Print the current working directory
- which: a display position corresponding to a command executable
- Command is actually a program that can be called at any time
- . (A point): the current directory
- .. (two points): upper directory
- cd (change directory): Change directory (cd directly returns home directory)
- du (disk usage): Use Disk
- -h: suitable for reading
- -a: displays the size of files and directories
- -s (summarize): only displays the total size
